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      Nonlinear Absorption Response Correlated to Embedded Ag Nanoparticles in BGO Single Crystal: From Two-Photon to Three-Photon Absorption

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          Abstract

          We report on the embedded silver (Ag) nanoparticles fabricated by Ag + ion implantation into the Bi 4Ge 3O 12 (BGO) crystal. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon has been observed by linear optical absorption spectrum, which is accordance with the expectation based on Mie theory calculation. Further proofs are given by SRIM, TEM and SAED analysis, which explain the slight difference between experiment and calculation. Based on the z-scan system, it is found that the nonlinear optical response is converted from two-photon absorption to three-photon absorption under the 515 nm femtosecond pulse excitation within the LSPR band. The nonlinear absorption coefficient is measured to be ~3.1 × 10 −9 cm/W (two-photon absorption coefficient) and ~8.9 × 10 −14cm 3/W 2 (three-photon absorption coefficient) for pure BGO crystal and the sample embedded with Ag nanoparticles (Ag:BGO), respectively. Finally, we have proposed a model to explain the asymmetric nonlinear transmittance, which is in good agreement with the experimental results.

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          Nonlinear Absorption and Low-Threshold Multiphoton Pumped Stimulated Emission from All-Inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystals.

          Xiaoming Li, Yue Wang, Handong Sun … (2016)
          Halide perovskite materials have attracted intense research interest due to the striking performance in photoharvesting photovoltaics as well as photoemitting applications. Very recently, the emerging CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals have been demonstrated to be efficient emitters with photoluminescence quantum yield as high as ∼90%, room temperature single photon sources, and favorable lasing materials. Herein, the nonlinear optical properties, in particular, the multiphoton absorption and resultant photoluminescence of the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals, were investigated. Notably, a large two-photon absorption cross-section of up to ∼1.2 × 10(5) GM is determined for 9 nm sized CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. Moreover, low-threshold frequency-upconverted stimulated emission by two-photon absorption was observed from the thin film of close-packed CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. The stimulated emission is found to be photostable and wavelength-tunable. We further realize the three-photon pumped stimulated emission in green spectra range from colloidal nanocrystals for the first time. Our results reveal the strong nonlinear absorption in the emerging CsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystals and suggest these nanocrystals as attractive multiphoton pumped optical gain media, which would offer new opportunities in nonlinear photonics and revive the nonlinear optical devices.
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            Advances in multiphoton microscopy technology.

            Erich Hoover, Jeff A. Squier (2013)
            Multiphoton microscopy has enabled unprecedented dynamic exploration in living organisms. A significant challenge in biological research is the dynamic imaging of features deep within living organisms, which permits the real-time analysis of cellular structure and function. To make progress in our understanding of biological machinery, optical microscopes must be capable of rapid, targeted access deep within samples at high resolution. In this Review, we discuss the basic architecture of a multiphoton microscope capable of such analysis and summarize the state-of-the-art technologies for the quantitative imaging of biological phenomena.
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              High-resolution three-photon biomedical imaging using doped ZnS nanocrystals.

              Jung Yu, Seung-Hae Kwon, Zdeněk Petrášek … (2013)
              Three-photon excitation is a process that occurs when three photons are simultaneously absorbed within a luminophore for photo-excitation through virtual states. Although the imaging application of this process was proposed decades ago, three-photon biomedical imaging has not been realized yet owing to its intrinsic low quantum efficiency. We herein report on high-resolution in vitro and in vivo imaging by combining three-photon excitation of ZnS nanocrystals and visible emission from Mn(2+) dopants. The large three-photon cross-section of the nanocrystals enabled targeted cellular imaging under high spatial resolution, approaching the theoretical limit of three-photon excitation. Owing to the enhanced Stokes shift achieved through nanocrystal doping, the three-photon process was successfully applied to high-resolution in vivo tumour-targeted imaging. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of ZnS nanocrystals offers great potential for clinical applications of three-photon imaging.
              Article 0 comments Cited 64 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Feng Chen: drfchen@sdu.edu.cn
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep
                Title: Scientific Reports
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 January 2018
                Publication date PMC-release: 31 January 2018
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Volume: 8
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1977
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1761 1174, GRID grid.27255.37, School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, , Shandong University, ; Jinan, 250100 China
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2226 7214, GRID grid.458462.9, Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, , Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, ; Shanghai, 201800 China
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2331 6153, GRID grid.49470.3e, Department of Physics, Center for Ion beam Application and Center for Electron Microscopy, , Wuhan University, ; Wuhan, 430072 China
                [4 ]National Institute for Materials Science, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0003 Japan
                Article
                Publisher ID: 20446
                DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20446-6
                PMC ID: 5792466
                PubMed ID: 29386564
                SO-VID: c8029dfd-22b3-4072-aa38-6f925bf78008
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2018
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 21 September 2017
                Date accepted : 15 January 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Article
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                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2018

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