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      Volvulus gastrique aigu compliquant une hernie diaphragmatique congénitale chez un nourrisson de 3 mois: à propos d’un cas Translated title: Acute gastric volvulus complicating congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a 3-month-old infant: a case report

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          Abstract

          Le volvulus gastrique est un mode de révélation rare de la hernie diaphragmatique congénitale. Il s´agit d´une pathologie rare et de diagnostic difficile en pédiatrie. Nous rapportons le cas d´un nourrisson de trois mois ayant présenté une dyspnée aiguë d´aggravation rapide. La radiographie thoracique a montré une large clarté thoracique avec une poche à air gastrique ascensionnée. La tomodensitométrie thoraco-abdominale a objectivé un volvulus gastrique sur une hernie diaphragmatique congénitale gauche. Le traitement chirurgical a consisté en une dévolvulation gastrique puis réduction complète des viscères herniés et fermeture du défect diaphragmatique. L´évolution était favorable. La hernie diaphragmatique congénitale compliquée par un volvulus gastrique doit être considérée comme une urgence diagnostique et thérapeutique et ce du fait du risque de nécrose gastrique menaçant le pronostic vital.

          Translated abstract

          Gastric volvulus is a rare mode of revelation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. This is an uncommon condition that may be difficult to diagnose in the paediatric population. We here report the case of a three-month-old infant presenting with a rapid worsening of acute dyspnoea. Chest X-ray showed image clarity and ascending gastric air sac. Thoraco-abdominal CT scan showed gastric volvulus complicating left congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Surgical treatment consisted of gastric devolvulation followed by complete reduction of the herniated viscera and closure of the diaphragmatic defect. Patient´s outcome was favourable. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia complicated by gastric volvulus should be considered as a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency due to the risk of life-threatening gastric necrosis.

          Most cited references10

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          Gastric volvulus in infants and children.

          Gastric volvulus is an important cause of nonbilious emesis that must be recognized early to ensure a good outcome. We reviewed 7 cases from our institution, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (Egleston campus). In addition, we reviewed all gastric volvulus cases in children published to date in the English literature to draw general conclusions about the presentation and treatment of this unusual disease. An electronic literature search was performed to find all published cases of pediatric gastric volvulus. The care of all children from January 2002 to December 2007 who were treated for gastric volvulus was also reviewed. There have been 581 cases of gastric volvulus in children published in English between 1929 and 2007. Of these, 252 were acute and 329 were chronic cases. The most common presentation of acute gastric volvulus is in a child <5 years old with nonbilious emesis, epigastric distention, and abdominal pain. Acute gastric volvulus is often associated with deformities of adjacent organs. Definitive diagnosis is made with upper gastrointestinal studies, and definitive therapy requires repair of associated defects and anterior fixation of the stomach to the abdominal wall. The most common presentation of chronic volvulus is in an infant <1 year old with emesis, epigastric distention, feeding difficulties, and growth failure. Treatment may be medical or surgical depending on the underlying etiology of the volvulus. Acute gastric volvulus is a potentially life-threatening occurrence with a good outcome when treated in a timely fashion. Chronic volvulus may be more difficult to recognize. The common features of acute and chronic gastric volvulus described in this review should assist pediatric health care providers in promptly diagnosing and treating this disease.
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            Gastric volvulus in children.

            The aim of the study was to review the records of all children who presented with gastric volvulus in the past 10 years. The study group consisted of 21 children with an age range from 0.2 months to 4.3 years who were operated for gastric volvulus from 1992 to 2003. Initial symptoms included acute abdominal pain after meals, vomiting, and in 8 cases, acute apnea associated with pallor, cyanosis, and hypotonia. After the first episode, barium studies revealed an organoaxial gastric volvulus in all cases. The surgical procedure was an anterior gastropexy with reinforcement of the esophagogastric angle performed by laparoscopy in 13 cases and by laparotomy in 8 (1 converted laparoscopy). An associated antireflux fundoplication was done in 3 patients. All children received postoperative antireflux medication for at least 1 month. The follow-up ranged from 4 months to 4.8 years. Two children in the laparotomy group required reoperation (Toupet fundoplication) for persistent gastroesophageal reflux disease. All children are currently symptom-free and without treatment. Gastric volvulus is a clinical and radiological reality, which can be treated by a gastropexy. Initial fundoplication is not mandatory. The laparoscopic gastropexy is a good option and allows a repeat laparoscopic procedure if needed.
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              Gastric volvulus: acute and chronic presentation.

              Diaphragmatic hernia may be congenital or traumatic in origin. Traumatic hernia may menifest immediately or several months/years after the incident. Congenital hernia usually manifests in the early years of life. Diaphragmatic hernia may be complicated by gastric volvulus. Acute gastric volvulus is surgical emergency where as chronic gastric volvulus presents with nonspecific abdominal symptoms. Diagnosis of gastric volvulus is difficult and is based on imaging studies. We describe four cases of diaphragmatic hernia complicated by gastric volvulus, diagnosed on imaging and managed surgically.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                27 July 2022
                2022
                : 42
                : 238
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique « B », Hôpital d´Enfants de Tunis, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
                Author notes
                [& ] Corresponding author: Takwa Mili, Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique « B », Hôpital d´enfants de Tunis, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie. mili.takwa@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                PAMJ-42-238
                10.11604/pamj.2022.42.238.34517
                9949297
                c81c3815-e6af-4ea9-9e3f-d80b36d946b8
                Copyright: Takwa Mili et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal (ISSN: 1937-8688). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 27 March 2022
                : 21 June 2022
                Categories
                Case Report

                Medicine
                volvulus,estomac,diaphragme,enfant,cas clinique,stomach,diaphragm,child,case report
                Medicine
                volvulus, estomac, diaphragme, enfant, cas clinique, stomach, diaphragm, child, case report

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