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Abstract
Over the past five decades, one of the major problems in the treatment of overgrowth
syndromes of the hand has been classification. Currently, a number of specific conditions
with known natural histories have been delineated and reviewed. Treatment is highly
individualized. Amputation is still recommended for grotesque deformities of the upper
limb. Early aggressive surgery, when indicated, will improve contour, function, and
appearance. Specific therapeutic techniques include radical debulking, microvascular
neurolysis, vascular reconstruction, epiphysiodesis, and, in some cases, thumb or
digit replacement. Long-term outcomes remain in the good-to-fair range and are dependent
upon the condition, reconstructive techniques employed, age of patient, and the severity
of deformity.