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      Efeito da aplicação de silício em plantas de milho no desenvolvimento biológico da lagarta-do-cartucho Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Translated title: Effect of silicon application on corn plants upon the biological development of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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          Abstract

          Este trabalho, objetivou avaliar o efeito da aplicação de silício em plantas de milho no desenvolvimento da lagarta-do-cartucho Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). O tratamento com silício consistiu na aplicação de 3,2 ml de solução de silicato de sódio [25-28% (p/v) de SiO2], mais 96,8 ml de água, via solo aos cinco dias, 10, 15, 20 e 25 dias após a emergência de plantas de milho mantidas em vasos. Outro grupo de plantas foi cultivado sem aplicação de silício. Avaliou-se o desenvolvimento de lagartas alimentadas com folhas de milho retiradas de plantas tratadas com silício, em comparação com lagartas alimentadas com folhas de milho não tratadas, registrando-se a mortalidade ao final do 2º ínstar larval, a duração do período larval e pupal, a mortalidade larval e pupal e o peso de pupa. Não se observou efeito do silício na duração da fase larval e pupal, peso de pupa e na mortalidade de pupas. Entretanto, verificou-se maior mortalidade e aumento de canibalismo em grupos de lagartas ao final do 2º ínstar, e maior mortalidade de lagartas individualizadas no 2º e 6º ínstares, quando foram alimentadas com folhas de plantas de milho tratadas com silício, em comparação com a testemunha. Observou-se que as mandíbulas das lagartas, nos seis ínstares, apresentaram desgaste acentuado na região incisora quando em contato com folhas com maior teor de silício. A aplicação de silício pode dificultar a alimentação de lagartas, causando aumento de mortalidade e canibalismo e, portanto, tornando as plantas de milho mais resistentes à lagarta-do-cartucho.

          Translated abstract

          The effect of the application of silicon to corn plants on the development of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) was evaluated. Silicon treatment consisted in applying 3.2 ml of a sodium silicate solution [25-28% (w/v) SiO2] plus 96.8 ml of water into the soil at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days after emergence of corn plants kept in pots. Another group of plants were grown free of silicon. Larvae were fed on leaves obtained from silicon treated plants and their mortality at the end of the 2nd larval instar, length of the larval and pupal period, and pupal weight were compared to those of larvae fed on normal leaves. No effect of silicon was observed on the length of larval and pupal phase, pupal weight and mortality of pupae. However, increased mortality and cannibalism were registered in groups of fall armyworm at the end of the 2nd instar and greater mortality of the larvae was seen at the 2nd and 6th instars fed on silicon-treated corn plant leaves in comparison with the control. The jaws mandibles of fall armyworm at the 6th instar showed marked wear on the incisor region when in contact with leaves with higher silicon content. Silicon application can make fall armyworm feeding difficult, causing higher mortality and cannibalism, thus increasing plant resistance to this species.

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          Most cited references24

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          The anomaly of silicon in plant biology.

          E. Epstein (1994)
          Silicon is the second most abundant element in soils, the mineral substrate for most of the world's plant life. The soil water, or the "soil solution," contains silicon, mainly as silicic acid, H4SiO4, at 0.1-0.6 mM--concentrations on the order of those of potassium, calcium, and other major plant nutrients, and well in excess of those of phosphate. Silicon is readily absorbed so that terrestrial plants contain it in appreciable concentrations, ranging from a fraction of 1% of the dry matter to several percent, and in some plants to 10% or even higher. In spite of this prominence of silicon as a mineral constituent of plants, it is not counted among the elements defined as "essential," or nutrients, for any terrestrial higher plants except members of the Equisitaceae. For that reason it is not included in the formulation of any of the commonly used nutrient solutions. The plant physiologist's solution-cultured plants are thus anomalous, containing only what silicon is derived as a contaminant of their environment. Ample evidence is presented that silicon, when readily available to plants, plays a large role in their growth, mineral nutrition, mechanical strength, and resistance to fungal diseases, herbivory, and adverse chemical conditions of the medium. Plants grown in conventional nutrient solutions are thus to an extent experimental artifacts. Omission of silicon from solution cultures may lead to distorted results in experiments on inorganic plant nutrition, growth and development, and responses to environmental stress.
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            THE TRANSPORT AND FUNCTION OF SILICON IN PLANTS

            John Raven (1983)
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              Silicon

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ne
                Neotropical Entomology
                Neotrop. entomol.
                Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil (Londrina )
                1678-8052
                June 2002
                : 31
                : 2
                : 305-310
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Lavras Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Lavras Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1519-566X2002000200019
                10.1590/S1519-566X2002000200019
                c8e0fdf9-4a85-4e44-99c9-3a91193617d6

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1519-566X&lng=en
                Categories
                ENTOMOLOGY

                Entomology
                Insecta,Zea mays,resistance,Integrate Pest Management,resistência,Manejo Integrado de Pragas

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