Football injuries during the 2014 FIFA World Cup

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Abstract

Background

FIFA has surveyed match injuries in its tournaments since 1998.

Aim

To analyse the incidence and characteristics of match injuries incurred during the 2014 FIFA World Cup in comparison to previous FIFA World Cups.

Methods

The chief physicians of the participating teams reported all newly incurred injuries of their players after the match on a standardised report form. 124 (97%) forms were returned.

Results

A total of 104 injuries were reported, equivalent to an incidence of 1.68 injuries per match (95% CI 1.36 to 2.00). 64 (63.4%) injuries were caused by contact with another player. Thigh (26; 25%) and head (19; 18%) were the most frequently injured body parts. The most frequent diagnosis was thigh strain (n=18). Five concussions and three fractures to the head were reported. While most thigh strains (15/17; 88.2%) occurred without contact, almost all head injuries (18/19; 94.7%) were caused by contact. 0.97 injuries per match (95% CI 0.72 to 1.22) were expected to result in absence from training or match. Eight injuries were classified as severe. The incidence of match injuries in the 2014 FIFA World Cup was significantly lower than the average of the four preceding FIFA World Cups, both for all injuries (2.34; 95% CI 2.15 to 2.53) and time-loss injuries (1.51; 95% CI 1.37 to 1.65).

Conclusions

The overall incidence of injury during the FIFA World Cups decreased from 2002 to 2014 by 37%. A detailed analysis of the injury mechanism is recommended to further improve prevention strategies.

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Most cited references 27

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Sports injuries during the Summer Olympic Games 2008.

Wladmir J. Alonso, Astrid Junge, Mark Aubry … (2009)

Standardized assessment of sports injuries provides important epidemiological information and also directions for injury prevention. To analyze the frequency, characteristics, and causes of injuries incurred during the Summer Olympic Games 2008. Descriptive epidemiology study. The chief physicians and/or chief medical officers of the national teams were asked to report daily all injuries newly incurred during the Olympic Games on a standardized injury report form. In addition, injuries were reported daily by the physicians at the medical stations at the different Olympic venues and at the polyclinic in the Olympic Village. Physicians and/or therapists of 92 national teams covering 88% of the 10,977 registered athletes took part in the study. In total, 1055 injuries were reported, resulting in an incidence of 96.1 injuries per 1000 registered athletes. Half of the injuries (49.6%) were expected to prevent the athlete from participating in competition or training. The most prevalent diagnoses were ankle sprains and thigh strains. The majority (72.5%) of injuries were incurred in competition. One third of the injuries were caused by contact with another athlete, followed by overuse (22%) and noncontact incidences (20%). Injuries were reported from all sports, but their incidence and characteristics varied substantially. In relation to the number of registered athletes, the risk of incurring an injury was highest in soccer, taekwondo, hockey, handball, weightlifting, and boxing (all >or=15% of the athletes) and lowest for sailing, canoeing/kayaking, rowing, synchronized swimming, diving, fencing, and swimming. The data indicate that the injury surveillance system covered almost all of the participating athletes, and the results highlight areas of high risk for sport injury such as the in-competition period, the ankle and thigh, and specific sports. The identification of these factors should stimulate future research and subsequent policy change to prevent injury in elite athletes.

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Injury and illness definitions and data collection procedures for use in epidemiological studies in Athletics (track and field): consensus statement.

Juan Alonso, Margo Mountjoy, Pascal Edouard … (2014)

Movement towards sport safety in Athletics through the introduction of preventive strategies requires consensus on definitions and methods for reporting epidemiological data in the various populations of athletes. To define health-related incidents (injuries and illnesses) that should be recorded in epidemiological studies in Athletics, and the criteria for recording their nature, cause and severity, as well as standards for data collection and analysis procedures. A 1-day meeting of 14 experts from eight countries representing a range of Athletics stakeholders and sport science researchers was facilitated. Definitions of injuries and illnesses, study design and data collection for epidemiological studies in Athletics were discussed during the meeting. Two members of the group produced a draft statement after this meeting, and distributed to the group members for their input. A revision was prepared, and the procedure was repeated to finalise the consensus statement. Definitions of injuries and illnesses and categories for recording of their nature, cause and severity were provided. Essential baseline information was listed. Guidelines on the recording of exposure data during competition and training and the calculation of prevalence and incidences were given. Finally, methodological guidance for consistent recording and reporting on injury and illness in athletics was described. This consensus statement provides definitions and methodological guidance for epidemiological studies in Athletics. Consistent use of the definitions and methodological guidance would lead to more reliable and comparable evidence.

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Injury surveillance in multi-sport events: the International Olympic Committee approach.

Astrid Junge, M Mountjoy, Wladmir J. Alonso … (2008)

The protection of athletes' health by preventing injuries is an important task for international sports federations. Standardised injury surveillance provides not only important epidemiological information, but also directions for injury prevention, and the opportunity for monitoring long-term changes in the frequency and circumstances of injury. Numerous studies have evaluated sports injuries during the season, but few have focused on injuries during major sport events such as World Championships, World Cups or the Olympic Games. To provide an injury surveillance system for multi-sports tournaments, using the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing as an example. A group of experienced researchers reviewed existing injury report systems and developed a scientific sound and concise injury surveillance system for large multi-sport events. The injury report system for multi-sport events is based on an established system for team sports tournaments and has proved feasible for individual sports during the International Association of Athletics Federations World Championships in Athletics 2007. The most important principles and advantages of the system are comprehensive definition of injury, injury report by the physician responsible for the athlete, a single-page report of all injuries, and daily report irrespective of whether or not an injury occurred. Implementation of the injury surveillance system, all definitions, the report form, and the analysis of data are described in detail to enable other researchers to implement the injury surveillance system in any sports tournament. The injury surveillance system has been accepted by experienced team physicians and shown to be feasible for single-sport and multi-sport events. It can be modified depending on the specific objectives of a certain sport or research question; however, a standardised use of injury definition, report forms and methodology will ensure the comparability of results.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Br J Sports Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Br J Sports Med

Journal ID (hwp): bjsports

Journal ID (publisher-id): bjsm

Title: British Journal of Sports Medicine

Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR )

ISSN (Print): 0306-3674

ISSN (Electronic): 1473-0480

Publication date (Print): May 2015

Volume: 49

Issue: 9

Pages: 599-602

Affiliations

[1 ]FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC) , Zürich, Switzerland

[2 ]Schulthess Klinik, Zürich, Switzerland

[3 ]Medical School Hamburg (MSH) , Hamburg, Germany

[4 ]Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) , Zürich, Switzerland

Author notes

[Correspondence to ] Professor Dr Jiri Dvořák, Schulthess Klinik, F-MARC, Lengghalde 2, Zürich CH-8008, Switzerland; Medical@ 123456FIFA.org

Article

Publisher ID: bjsports-2014-094469

DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094469

PMC ID: 4413685

PubMed ID: 25878077

SO-VID: c93207a5-2ed1-46cb-9263-744c4bc77d36

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

History

Date accepted : 25 February 2015

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Sports medicine

Keywords: football,sport,surveillance,injuries,concussion

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Sports medicine

Keywords: football, sport, surveillance, injuries, concussion

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Football injuries during the 2014 FIFA World Cup

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Abstract

Background

Aim

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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Chinese Journal of School Health

Most cited references 27

Sports injuries during the Summer Olympic Games 2008.

Injury and illness definitions and data collection procedures for use in epidemiological studies in Athletics (track and field): consensus statement.

Injury surveillance in multi-sport events: the International Olympic Committee approach.

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Cited by 46

Most referenced authors 273