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      When “model minorities” become “yellow peril”—Othering and the racialization of Asian Americans in the COVID‐19 pandemic

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          Abstract

          Using the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic as a case study, this paper engages with debates on the assimilation of Asian Americans into the US mainstream. While a burgeoning scholarship holds that Asians are “entering into the dominant group” or becoming “White,” the prevalent practices of othering Asians and surging anti‐Asian discrimination since the pandemic outbreak present a challenge to the assimilation thesis. This paper explains how anger against China quickly expands to Asian American population more broadly. Our explanation focuses on different forms of othering practices, deep‐seated stereotypes of Asians, and the role of politicians and media in activating or exacerbating anti‐Asian hatred. Through this scrutiny, this paper augments the theses that Asian Americans are still treated as “forever foreigners” and race is still a prominent factor in the assimilation of Asians in the United States. This paper also sheds light on the limitations of current measures of assimilation. More broadly, the paper questions the notion of color‐blindness or post‐racial America.

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          Most cited references132

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          A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition.

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            A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition.

            Stereotype research emphasizes systematic processes over seemingly arbitrary contents, but content also may prove systematic. On the basis of stereotypes' intergroup functions, the stereotype content model hypothesizes that (a) 2 primary dimensions are competence and warmth, (b) frequent mixed clusters combine high warmth with low competence (paternalistic) or high competence with low warmth (envious), and (c) distinct emotions (pity, envy, admiration, contempt) differentiate the 4 competence-warmth combinations. Stereotypically, (d) status predicts high competence, and competition predicts low warmth. Nine varied samples rated gender, ethnicity, race, class, age, and disability out-groups. Contrary to antipathy models, 2 dimensions mattered, and many stereotypes were mixed, either pitying (low competence, high warmth subordinates) or envying (high competence, low warmth competitors). Stereotypically, status predicted competence, and competition predicted low warmth.
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              Evolved Disease-Avoidance Mechanisms and Contemporary Xenophobic Attitudes

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                yaoli1@ufl.edu
                Journal
                Sociol Compass
                Sociol Compass
                10.1111/(ISSN)1751-9020
                SOC4
                Sociology Compass
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                1751-9020
                16 January 2021
                February 2021
                : 15
                : 2 ( doiID: 10.1111/soc4.v15.2 )
                : e12849
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Sociology and Criminology and Law University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Yao Li, Department of Sociology and Criminology and Law, University of Florida, 3219 Turlington Hall, P.O. Box 117330, Gainesville, FL, USA.

                Email: yaoli1@ 123456ufl.edu

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1093-3301
                Article
                SOC412849
                10.1111/soc4.12849
                7995194
                33786062
                cab9c111-98ec-4b4c-a6bc-b0e4d349bcd1
                © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

                This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.

                History
                : 22 November 2020
                : 01 August 2020
                : 28 November 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 0, Pages: 13, Words: 7090
                Categories
                Article
                Race and Ethnicity
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                February 2021
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.9.9 mode:remove_FC converted:26.03.2021

                asian americans,assimilation,model minority,othering,pandemic,racial discrimination,yellow peril

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