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      Associação entre as alterações posturais e a respiração bucal em crianças Translated title: Association between postural changes and mouth breathing in children

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          Abstract

          INTRODUÇÃO: Durante o período de crescimento e desenvolvimento corporal, é possível que surjam alterações posturais que podem decorrer de uma respiração incorreta, por via bucal. OBJETIVOS: Verificar se a presença de alterações posturais tem relação com a presença da respiração bucal em crianças de segunda a quarta série do Ensino Fundamental. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 117 crianças com idade média de 9,017 ± 0,851 anos, sendo 54 meninos e 63 meninas. A avaliação foi constituída por um questionário sobre sinais e sintomas da respiração bucal e uma avaliação postural fotogramétrica com software para Avaliação Postural (SAPO®). Para a análise da comparação entre os grupos, foram utilizados os testes t-student e Mann Whitney; e para a análise da associação, o teste Exato de Fisher. Foi considerado p < 0,05 como nível de significância. RESULTADOS: Em relação ao tipo de respiração, prevaleceu, de forma significativa, a respiração bucal em relação à nasal (p < 0,001). Quanto ao alinhamento vertical da cabeça, predominou a anteriorização em ambas as vistas. No que diz respeito à assimetria horizontal da escápula, houve predomínio da assimetria à esquerda e, para o alinhamento horizontal da pelve, predominou a anteroversão em ambas as vistas. Na medida do ângulo perna/retropé, prevaleceu o calcâneo valgo direito e esquerdo. As diferenças observadas entre os grupos, respirador bucal e nasal, não se mostraram significativas (p > 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Foi encontrado um alto percentual de crianças com sinais e sintomas da respiração bucal e alterações posturais, porém sem relação entre os achados.

          Translated abstract

          INTRODUCTION: During the period of growth and body development, it is possible to occur changes in posture that may result from wrong breathing, through the mouth. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the presence of postural changes is related to the presence of mouth breathing in children from second to fourth grade of elementary school. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 117 children with mean age of 9.017 ± 0.851 years, 54 males and 63 females. The evaluation consisted of a questionnaire about signs and symptoms of mouth breathing and a photogrammetric postural assessment with the software SAPO®. The analysis of the comparison between groups was made by student's t-test and Mann-Whitney; and for association analysis it was used the Fisher Exact test. It was considered p < 0.05 as significance level. RESULTS: Regarding the type of breathing, prevailed, significantly, mouth breathing compared to nasal breathing (p < 0.001). For the vertical alignment of head, anteriorization predominated in both views. For the horizontal asymmetry of scapula, there was a predominance of asymmetry to the left. For the horizontal alignment of the pelvis, anteversion predominated in both views. In measuring the angle leg/hindfoot, prevailed calcaneal valgus right and left. The differences observed between groups of mouth breathing and nasal breathing were not significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was found a high percentage of children with signs and symptoms of mouth breathing and postural changes, but it was not found relationship between this findings.

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          Bioestatística: princípios e aplicações

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            Postural assessment of girls between 7 and 10 years of age

            Postural alterations are often found in children and teenagers. In this stage of development, the posture undergoes many adjustments and adaptations due to changes of the body and to demanding psychosocial factors. PURPOSE: To identify which postural alterations occur most often in students between 7 and 10 years of age, to identify preventive measures, and to provide information to parents and teachers about the problem of bad posture. METHODS: Thirty three girls in each of 4 age groups between 7 and 10 years of age were assessed, resulting in a sample of 132 subjects. Photos of each girl in the sagittal and frontal planes were examined for postural deviations. RESULTS: The main postural deviations found were knock-knee, medial rotation of the hip, antepulsion, pelvic anteversion, knee hyperextension, lumbar hyperlordosis, valgus ankle, imbalanced shoulders, lateral pelvic inclination, scoliosis, trunk rotation, thoracic hyperkyphosis, winged scapula, shoulder protraction, abducted scapula, medial rotation of shoulders, and head tilt. CONCLUSION: High incidences of postural alterations occur in children of school age. Some of these reflect normal postural development, and get corrected during the child's growth. On the other hand, some alterations are asymmetries that can be caused by daily demands on the body and can result in negative impacts on the quality of life during childhood and adulthood. We emphasize the importance of providing information to parents and teachers about the problem of bad posture.
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              Manual de iniciação à pesquisa em saúde

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                fm
                Fisioterapia em Movimento
                Fisioter. mov.
                Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (Curitiba, PR, Brazil )
                1980-5918
                June 2012
                : 25
                : 2
                : 379-388
                Affiliations
                [02] Canoas RS orgnameCentro Universitário Lasalle Brasil anapbk@ 123456gmail.com
                [01] orgnameUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos orgdiv1curso de Fisioterapia
                Article
                S0103-51502012000200016 S0103-5150(12)02500216
                10.1590/S0103-51502012000200016
                cb0f5e2a-1051-4db2-968a-0b0e01cd60f3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 December 2010
                : 01 August 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Respiração bucal,Postura,Mouth breathing,Fisioterapia,Posture,Physical therapy

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