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      Análisis coste-efectividad del empleo de celecoxib en el tratamiento de la artrosis Translated title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of the use of celecoxib for the treatment of osteoarthritis

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          Abstract

          Antecedentes: Los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE), utilizados en el tratamiento de la artrosis, pueden producir reacciones adversas gastrointestinales (GI) graves. Celecoxib, un inhibidor específico de la ciclooxigenasa 2 (COX-2), ha demostrado una eficacia equivalente a los AINE convencionales con un mejor perfil de tolerabilidad y seguridad. Objetivo: La finalidad de este estudio ha sido realizar un análisis coste-efectividad sobre el uso de celecoxib frente a los AINE clásicos en el tratamiento de la artrosis. Material y métodos: El análisis coste-efectividad se ha diseñado mediante un modelo farmacoeconómico, definiéndose como unidad de efectividad a cada año de vida ganado tras la toma de celecoxib o AINE. La probabilidad de que aparezcan los diferentes resultados clínicos se ha obtenido de artículos publicados y de asunciones incorporadas. Sólo se han valorado los costes directos médicos (medicación, hospitalización, pruebas complementarias, analíticas, visitas extras, etc.), sin haberse incluido otros costes. La perspectiva del estudio ha sido la del Sistema Nacional de Salud y el horizonte temporal elegido ha sido de 6 meses. Resultados: El coste adicional por cada año de vida ganado secundario al uso de celecoxib frente a los AINE clásicos asciende a 8.017 € (1.333.834 ptas.). El análisis de sensibilidad muestra cómo estos valores son sensibles a la modificación del coste de AINE y gastroprotector, así como a la inclusión de grupos poblacionales con edades más bajas. Conclusiones: Celecoxib puede ser considerado como una opción coste-efectiva en el tratamiento de la artrosis, ya que va a evitar muertes y a ganar años de vida para los pacientes con un coste adicional razonable y moderado, cuando se compara con los AINE. Su eficiencia aumenta a medida que se utiliza en poblaciones con menor edad media y, probablemente, en aquellas con mayor riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones GI.

          Translated abstract

          Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, can produce serious gastrointestinal (GI) adverse reactions. Celecoxib, a specific COX-2 inhibitor, has a proven efficacy equivalent to that of traditional NSAIDs with an improved tolerance and safety profile. Objective: The objective of this study was to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis on the use of celecoxib versus traditional NSAIDs in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Material and Methods: This cost-effectiveness analysis was designed through a pharmacoeconomic model; each effectiveness unit was defined as each year of life gained after the ingestion of celecoxib or NSAIDs. The probability of different clinical results appearing was obtained from published articles and incorporated assumptions. Only direct medical costs were evaluated (medication, hospitalization, additional tests, analyses, extra visits, etc.) and other costs were excluded. The study perspective was the national health system and the time horizon chosen was 6 months. Results: The additional cost for each year of life gained through the use of celecoxib compared with that of traditional NSAIDs amounted to 8017 € (1,333,834 ptas). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated how these values were sensitive to changes in the costs of NSAIDs and gastroprotective agents as well as to the inclusion of younger population groups. Conclusion: Celecoxib can be considered as a cost-effective option in the treatment of osteoarthritis because its use prevents deaths and increases survival rate and the additional cost is reasonable and moderate compared with that of NSAIDs. Its efficiency increases in proportion to its use in younger patients and probably in those at high risk for developing GI complications.

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          Most cited references103

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          Association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding/perforation: an overview of epidemiologic studies published in the 1990s.

          In the last decades, studies have estimated the upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding/perforation (UGIB) risk associated with individual nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Later analyses have also included the effect of patterns of NSAID use, risk factors for UGIB, and modifiers of NSAID effect. Systematic review of case-control and cohort studies on serious gastrointestinal tract complications and nonaspirin NSAIDs published between 1990 and 1999 using MEDLINE. Eighteen original studies were selected according to predefined criteria. Two researchers extracted the data independently. Pooled relative risk estimates were calculated according to subject and exposure characteristics. Heterogeneity of effects was tested and reasons for heterogeneity were considered. Advanced age, history of peptic ulcer disease, and being male were risk factors for UGIB. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug users with advanced age or a history of peptic ulcer had the highest absolute risks. The pooled relative risk of UGIB after exposure to NSAIDs was 3.8 (95% confidence interval, 3.6-4.1). The increased risk was maintained during treatment and returned to baseline once treatment was stopped. A clear dose response was observed. There was some variation in risk between individual NSAIDs, though these differences were markedly attenuated when comparable daily doses were considered. The elderly and patients with a history of peptic ulcer could benefit the most from a reduction in NSAID gastrotoxicity. Whenever possible, physicians may wish to recommend lower doses to reduce the UGIB risk associated with all individual NSAIDs, especially in the subgroup of patients with the greatest background risk.
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            Recent considerations in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug gastropathy.

            Conservative calculations estimate that approximately 107,000 patients are hospitalized annually for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-related gastrointestinal (GI) complications and at least 16,500 NSAID-related deaths occur each year among arthritis patients alone. The figures for all NSAID users would be overwhelming, yet the scope of this problem is generally under-appreciated. The Arthritis, Rheumatism, and Aging Medical Information System (ARAMIS) Post-Marketing Surveillance Program (PMS) has prospectively followed patient status and outcomes, drug side effects, and the economic impact of illness for >11,000 arthritis patients at 8 participating institutions in the United States and Canada. Analysis of these data indicates that: (1) osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are 2.5-5.5 times more likely than the general population to be hospitalized for NSAID-related GI events; (2) the absolute risk for serious NSAID-related GI toxicity remains constant and the cumulative risk increases over time; (3) there are no reliable warning signals- >80% of patients with serious GI complications had no prior GI symptoms; (4) independent risk factors for serious GI events were age, prednisone use, NSAID dose, disability level, and previous NSAID-induced GI symptoms; and (5) antacids and H2 antagonists do not prevent NSAID-induced gastric ulcers, and high-risk NSAID users who take gastro-protective drugs are more likely to have serious GI complications than patients not taking such medications. Currently, limiting NSAID use is the only way to decrease the risk of NSAID-related GI events. Ongoing ARAMIS research is aimed at developing a simple point-score system for estimating individual risks of developing serious NSAID-related GI complications.
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              Risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation associated with individual non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

              Exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is known to increase substantially the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation (UGIB). We have carried out a population-based retrospective case-control study to assess the variation in risk associated with various individual NSAIDs, with adjustment for features of use and other independent risk factors. The study sample comprised 1457 cases of UGIB and 10,000 control subjects identified from general practitioners' computerised records in the UK. The adjusted estimate of relative risk of UGIB associated with current NSAID use was 4.7 (95% CI 3.8-5.7). Previous UGIB was the single most important predictor of UGIB (relative risk 13.5 [10.3-17.7]). For all NSAIDs together, the risk was greater for high doses than for low doses (7.0 [5.2-9.6] vs 2.6 [1.8-3.8]). The estimates of risk associated with the individual NSAIDs varied widely. Users of azapropazone (23.4 [6.9-79.5]) and piroxicam (18.0 [8.2-39.6]) had the highest risk of UGIB among the NSAIDs studied. All the other NSAIDs with sufficient data for individual analysis (ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, ketoprofen, and indomethacin) had relative risks similar to that for overall NSAID use. NSAIDS should be used cautiously in patients who have other risk factors for UGIB; these include advanced age, smoking, history of peptic ulcer, and use of oral corticosteroids or anticoagulants.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gs
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                Gac Sanit
                Ediciones Doyma, S.L. (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                0213-9111
                February 2003
                : 17
                : 1
                : 27-36
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameHospital Clínico San Carlos orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacología Clínica España
                [02] Madrid orgnamePharmacia, SA. orgdiv1Departamento de Medicina orgdiv2Unida de Farmacoeconomía e Investigación de Resultados en Salud España
                [03] orgnamePfizer, SA. orgdiv1Departamento Médico orgdiv2Investigación de Resultados en Salud
                Article
                S0213-91112003000100006 S0213-9111(03)01700100006
                10.1016/S0213-9111(03)71688-4
                cc4c2776-2bab-44b4-902c-76171c0d65f1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 November 2002
                : 02 May 2002
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 59, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Categories
                Originales

                Cost effectiveness analysis,Traditional NSAIDs,Osteoarthritis,AINE convencionales,Celecoxib,Eficiencia,Análisis coste-efectividad,Artrosis,Efficiency

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