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      The flexor tendons in the didelphid manus Translated title: Tendones flexores en didelfidos

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          Abstract

          Tetrapods have flexor tendons in the palmar surface of the manus that transmit forces generated by superficial and deep forearm muscles to the digits. Two patterns ("P" and "L") of tendinous connections among the deep layer of the forearm muscles and the digits have been described, one of which (pattern P) shows an empirical correlation with some grade of arboreality. In this article, we focused on the anatomical design of the tendons of the deep layer of the palmar surface of the didelphid manus, and associated muscles. Our objectives are: (1) to describe the pattern found in all taxa of the great didelphid clade, (2) to assign the designs that we found to the L or P pattern, and (3) to discuss our results in the context of the latest available phylogenetic hypotheses proposed for those taxa. All of the didelphids we dissected possess the P pattern. As we compared the tendinous and myological structures, we found that some of the myological differences we describe could have important phylogenetic implications. We selected 10 characters, mapped them on marsupial phylogenies, and discovered six more synapomorphies supporting clades already proposed by other researchers.

          Translated abstract

          Los tetrápodos tienen tendones flexores en la superficie palmar de la mano, que transmiten a los dígitos las fuerzas generadas por los músculos superficiales y profundos del antebrazo. Se han descripto dos patrones (P y L) de conexión tendinosa entre la capa profunda de los músculos del antebrazo y los dedos. De éstos, el patrón P muestra correlación empírica con algún grado de arborealidad. En este artículo, nos enfocamos en el diseño anatómico de los tendones de la capa profunda de la superficie palmar de las manos de los didelfidos y músculos asociados. Nuestros objetivos son: (1) describir el patrón encontrado en todos los taxa del gran clado de los didelfidos, (2) asignar el diseño encontrado al patrón P o L, y (3) discutir nuestros resultados en el contexto de las filogenias más recientes para los grupos considerados. Todos los didelfidos disecados exhiben un patrón P. Cuando comparamos las estructuras miológicas y tendinosas entre los grupos, encontramos algunos que parecían tener importantes implicancias filogenéticas. Así, seleccionamos 10 caracteres, los mapeamos en las filogenias disponibles para marsupiales y encontramos 6 sinapomorfías que soportan clados propuestos previamente por otros autores.

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          Functional bases of fiber length and angulation in muscle.

          The differences in angulation and length observed for the fibers of anatomical muscles may reflect two distinct mechanical requirements: arrangement for pinnation, reflecting an increase in physiological cross-section and arrangement for equivalent placement of sarcomeres, possibly associated with coordination. The observed differences in fiber angulation and length have different effects upon the responses of sarcomeres, specifically on their extent and rate of shortening and on the force they may generate. The basic mechanisms governing these effects and the various arrangements of muscles are reviewed. Fiber length and angulation in the complex M. adductor mandibulae externus 2 of a lizard were measured stereotactically; these values correlate well with the hypothesis that the muscle shows equivalence and demonstrate that angulation for pinnation is less constant. An outline for the study of muscle architecture and function, detailing the kinds of information require to estimate forces and evaluate muscle and fiber placements, is presented.
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            Morphological correlates of substrate use in didelphid marsupials: implications for primate origins

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              Locomotion and Appendicular Anatomy in Three Soricoid Insectivores

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                mznt
                Mastozoología neotropical
                Mastozool. neotrop.
                Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos (SAREM) (Mendoza )
                1666-0536
                December 2006
                : 13
                : 2
                : 193-204
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Fundación Miguel Lillo Argentina
                [2 ] Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Argentina
                [3 ] Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Argentina
                [4 ] Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Argentina
                Article
                S0327-93832006000200003
                cd155925-6067-4841-a065-99b0acaf9fe4

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0327-9383&lng=en
                Categories
                ZOOLOGY

                Animal science & Zoology
                Flexor tendons,Manus anatomy,Anatomía de la mano,Didelfidos,Tendones flexores,Didelphidae

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