For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
16
views
293
references
 Top references
cited by
1
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      171
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Non-Magmatic Glasses

      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 1
      Publication date Created:
      Publication date (Print):
      Journal: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry
      Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisher
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          OVERVIEW

          On Earth, natural glasses are typically produced by rapid cooling of melts, and as in the case of minerals and rocks, natural glasses can provide key information on the evolution of the Earth. However, natural glasses are products not solely terrestrial, and different formation mechanisms give rise to a variety of natural amorphous materials. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the different natural glasses of non-magmatic origin and on their formation mechanisms. We focus on natural glasses formed by mechanisms other than magmatic activity and included are metamorphic glasses and glasses produced from highly energetic events (shock metamorphism). The study of these materials has strong repercussions on planetary surface processes, paleogeography/paleoecology, and even on the origin of life.

          Related collections

          Most cited references293

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Book: not found

          Lightning

          Vladimir A. Rakov, Martin Uman (2003)
          Book 0 comments Cited 342 times – based on 0 reviews
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Extraterrestrial cause for the cretaceous-tertiary extinction.

            H Michel, F Asaro, W Alvarez (1980)
            Platinum metals are depleted in the earth's crust relative to their cosmic abundance; concentrations of these elements in deep-sea sediments may thus indicate influxes of extraterrestrial material. Deep-sea limestones exposed in Italy, Denmark, and New Zealand show iridium increases of about 30, 160, and 20 times, respectively, above the background level at precisely the time of the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions, 65 million years ago. Reasons are given to indicate that this iridium is of extraterrestrial origin, but did not come from a nearby supernova. A hypothesis is suggested which accounts for the extinctions and the iridium observations. Impact of a large earth-crossing asteroid would inject about 60 times the object's mass into the atmosphere as pulverized rock; a fraction of this dust would stay in the stratosphere for several years and be distributed worldwide. The resulting darkness would suppress photosynthesis, and the expected biological consequences match quite closely the extinctions observed in the paleontological record. One prediction of this hypothesis has been verified: the chemical composition of the boundary clay, which is thought to come from the stratospheric dust, is markedly different from that of clay mixed with the Cretaceous and Tertiary limestones, which are chemically similar to each other. Four different independent estimates of the diameter of the asteroid give values that lie in the range 10 +/- 4 kilometers.
            Article 0 comments Cited 213 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Evidence for an extraterrestrial impact 12,900 years ago that contributed to the megafaunal extinctions and the Younger Dryas cooling.

              A-G Howard, O J Dickenson, Troy A. Stich … (2007)
              A carbon-rich black layer, dating to approximately 12.9 ka, has been previously identified at approximately 50 Clovis-age sites across North America and appears contemporaneous with the abrupt onset of Younger Dryas (YD) cooling. The in situ bones of extinct Pleistocene megafauna, along with Clovis tool assemblages, occur below this black layer but not within or above it. Causes for the extinctions, YD cooling, and termination of Clovis culture have long been controversial. In this paper, we provide evidence for an extraterrestrial (ET) impact event at approximately equal 12.9 ka, which we hypothesize caused abrupt environmental changes that contributed to YD cooling, major ecological reorganization, broad-scale extinctions, and rapid human behavioral shifts at the end of the Clovis Period. Clovis-age sites in North American are overlain by a thin, discrete layer with varying peak abundances of (i) magnetic grains with iridium, (ii) magnetic microspherules, (iii) charcoal, (iv) soot, (v) carbon spherules, (vi) glass-like carbon containing nanodiamonds, and (vii) fullerenes with ET helium, all of which are evidence for an ET impact and associated biomass burning at approximately 12.9 ka. This layer also extends throughout at least 15 Carolina Bays, which are unique, elliptical depressions, oriented to the northwest across the Atlantic Coastal Plain. We propose that one or more large, low-density ET objects exploded over northern North America, partially destabilizing the Laurentide Ice Sheet and triggering YD cooling. The shock wave, thermal pulse, and event-related environmental effects (e.g., extensive biomass burning and food limitations) contributed to end-Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions and adaptive shifts among PaleoAmericans in North America.
              Article 0 comments Cited 166 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry
                Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
                ISSN (Print): 1529-6466
                Publication date Created: May 1 2022
                Publication date (Print): May 1 2022
                Volume: 87
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 965-1014
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Université de Paris, Insitut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Géomatériaux, CNRS, 1 rue Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
                [2 ]School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, PO Box 642920, Pullman, WA 99164–2920, USA
                Article
                DOI: 10.2138/rmg.2022.87.21
                SO-VID: cd359d68-8433-4603-86f8-a7d15faf953a
                Copyright © © 2022
                History

                Data availability:

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content171

                See all similar

                Cited by1

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors1,647

                See all reference authors