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      Meduloblastomas del adulto: serie quirúrgica de 11 casos Translated title: Adult medulloblastomas: our experience

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          Abstract

          Introducción: Los meduloblastomas son tumores malignos, invasivos, altamente celulares, del cerebelo, infrecuentes en el adulto. En el presente trabajo describiremos la experiencia en el manejo de esta patología en nuestro centro. Material y métodos: Se trata de un trabajo retrospectivo que incluyó 11 pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de meduloblastoma del eje craneoespinal atendidos entre 1984-2010. Se evaluaron datos clínicos, radiológicos y terapéuticos durante la evolución de la enfermedad. Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue 30,2 años (9 mujeres y 2 varones). Más del 80% de los pacientes manifestaron clínica de hipertensión intracraneal, mientras el 54,5% presentaron síndrome cerebeloso. El grado de resección quirúrgica fue total en 8 pacientes (72,7%) y subtotal en 3 (27,3%). Todos los pacientes recibieron tratamiento radioterápico adyuvante. Posterior a la exéresis tumoral inicial, 6 pacientes recibieron quimioterapia adyuvante con cisplatino (CDDP) y etopósido (VP-16). Durante el seguimiento, después de un tiempo medio de 35,2 meses, se observaron recidivas en el 36,4% de los pacientes (n= 4), con mayor frecuencia en la fosa posterior, empleando en todos ellos tratamiento con cirugía y quimioterapia. El tiempo medio de supervivencia fue 100,3 meses, con un índice de supervivencia estimado a los 5 y 8 años de seguimiento del 84 y 56 % respectivamente. Conclusiones: La máxima resección quirúrgica forma parte crucial del tratamiento, seguida de adyuvancia oncológica tan pronto sea posible, con radioterapia seguida o no de quimioterapia.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: Medulloblastomas are malignant, invasive and highly cellular tumours from the cerebellum, rarely seen in adults. We describe the experience in the treatment of this entity in our institution. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was made including 11 adult patients with medulloblastomas confined to the craniospinal axis treated between 1984-2010. Clinical, radiological and therapeutic data were assessed during the evolution of this entity. Results: Mean age of patients was 30,2 years (9 women/2 men). Over 80% of the patients presented intracranial hypertension, while 54,5% presented cerebellum syndrome. Gross total surgical resection was achieved in 8 patients (72,7%) and subtotal resection in the other 3 (27,3%). All patients received craniospinal radiotherapy. After primary surgical resection, 6 patients received chemotherapy with cisplatin (CDDP) and etoposide (VP-16). During the follow up period and after a median time of 35,2 months, 4 patients (36,4%) presented with relapse, mainly in the posterior cranial fossa, managed in the majority of cases with surgical resection plus additional chemotherapy. Mean survival time was 100,3 months with a 5-and 8-year overall survival rate of 84 and 56% respectively. Conclusions: In the treatment of this malignancy, gross surgical resection has a crucial role, followed as soon as possible by oncological therapy, specially radiotherapy and chemotherapy if needed.

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          Most cited references80

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          Metastasis stage, adjuvant treatment, and residual tumor are prognostic factors for medulloblastoma in children: conclusions from the Children's Cancer Group 921 randomized phase III study.

          From 1986 to 1992, "eight-drugs-in-one-day" (8-in-1) chemotherapy both before and after radiation therapy (XRT) (54 Gy tumor/36 Gy neuraxis) was compared with vincristine, lomustine (CCNU), and prednisone (VCP) after XRT in children with untreated, high-stage medulloblastoma (MB). Two hundred three eligible patients with an institutional diagnosis of MB were stratified by local invasion and metastatic stage (Chang T/M) and randomized to therapy. Median time at risk from study entry was 7.0 years. Survival and progression-free survival (PFS) +/- SE at 7 years were 55%+/-5% and 54%+/-5%, respectively. VCP was superior to 8-in-1 chemotherapy, with 5-year PFS rates of 63%+/-5% versus 45%+/-5%, respectively (P = .006). Upon central neuropathology review, 188 patients were confirmed as having MB and were the subjects for analyses of prognostic factors. Children aged 1.5 to younger than 3 years had inferior 5-year estimates of PFS, compared with children 3 years old or older (P = .0014; 32%+/-10% v 58%+/-4%, respectively). For MB patients 3 years of age or older, the prognostic effect of tumor spread (MO v M1 v M2+) on PFS was powerful (P = .0006); 5-year PFS rates were 70%+/-5%, 57%+/-10%, and 40%+/-8%, respectively. PFS distributions at 5 years for patients with M0 tumors with less than 1.5 cm2 of residual tumor, versus > or = 1.5 cm2 of residual tumor by scan, were significantly different (P = .023; 78%+/-6% v 54%+/-11%, respectively). VCP plus XRT is a superior adjuvant combination compared with 8-in-1 chemotherapy plus XRT. For patients with M0 tumors, residual tumor bulk (not extent of resection) is a predictor for PFS. Patients with M0 tumors, > or = 3 years with < or = 1.5 cm2 residual tumor, had a 78%+/-6% 5-year PFS rate. Children younger than 3 years old who received a reduced XRT dosage had the lowest survival rate.
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            Handbook of Neurosurgery

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              Results of a randomized study of preradiation chemotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for nonmetastatic medulloblastoma: The International Society of Paediatric Oncology/United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group PNET-3 Study.

              To determine whether preradiotherapy (RT) chemotherapy would improve outcome for Chang stage M0-1 medulloblastoma when compared with RT alone. Chemotherapy comprised vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 weekly for 10 weeks and four cycles of etoposide 100 mg/m2 daily for 3 days, and carboplatin 500 mg/m2 daily for 2 days alternating with cyclophosphamide 1.5 g/m2. Patients aged 3 to 16 years inclusive were randomly assigned to receive 35 Gy craniospinal RT with a 20 Gy posterior fossa boost, or chemotherapy followed by RT. Of 217 patients randomly assigned to treatment, 179 were eligible for analysis (chemotherapy + RT, 90 patients; RT alone, 89 patients). Median age was 7.67 years, and median follow-up was 5.40 years. Overall survival (OS) at 3 and 5 years was 79.5% and 70.7%, respectively. Event-free survival (EFS) at 3 and 5 years was 71.6% and 67.0%, respectively. EFS was significantly better for chemotherapy and RT (P =.0366), with EFS of 78.5% at 3 years and 74.2% at 5 years compared with 64.8% at 3 years and 59.8% at 5 years for RT alone. There was no statistically significant difference in 3-year and 5-year OS between the two arms (P =.0928). Multivariate analysis identified use of chemotherapy (P =.0248) and time to complete RT (P =.0100) as having significant effect on EFS. This is the first large multicenter randomized study to demonstrate improved EFS for chemotherapy compared with RT alone. It is anticipated that this regimen could reduce ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity compared with cisplatin-containing schedules. The importance of avoiding interruptions to RT has been confirmed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                neuro
                Neurocirugía
                Neurocirugía
                Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía (Murcia )
                1130-1473
                December 2011
                : 22
                : 6
                : 488-497
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia Spain
                [2 ] Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia Spain
                Article
                S1130-14732011000600002
                10.4321/s1130-14732011000600002
                cd633e5d-64bf-47f3-9b8d-671fc4aa3579

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                NEUROSCIENCES
                SURGERY

                Surgery,Neurosciences
                Adult,Chemotherapy,Craniospinal radiotherapy,Medulloblastoma,Surgery,Adulto,Cirugía,Meduloblastoma,Quimioterapia,Radioterapia craneoespinal

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