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      Paracetamol ecotoxicological bioassay using the bioindicators Lens culinaris Med. and Pisum sativum L

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          Abstract

          Paracetamol is one of the most widely used drugs worldwide, yet its environmental presence and hazardous impact on non-target organisms could rapidly increase. In this study, the possible cytotoxic effects of paracetamol were evaluated using two bioindicator plants Lens culinaris and Pisum sativum. Concentrations of 500, 400, 300, 200, 100, 50, 25, 5, 1 mg L −1, and a control (distilled water) were used for a total of 10 treatments, which were subsequently applied on seeds of Lens culinaris Med. and Pisum sativum L.; after 72 h of exposure, root growth, mitotic index, percentage of chromosomal abnormalities, and the presence of micronucleus were evaluated. The cytotoxic effect of paracetamol on L. culinaris and P. sativum was demonstrated, reporting the inhibition of root growth, the presence of abnormalities, and a significant micronucleus index at all concentrations used, which shows that this drug has a high degree of toxicity.

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          Abiotic Stress Signaling and Responses in Plants.

          Jian-Kang Zhu (2016)
          As sessile organisms, plants must cope with abiotic stress such as soil salinity, drought, and extreme temperatures. Core stress-signaling pathways involve protein kinases related to the yeast SNF1 and mammalian AMPK, suggesting that stress signaling in plants evolved from energy sensing. Stress signaling regulates proteins critical for ion and water transport and for metabolic and gene-expression reprogramming to bring about ionic and water homeostasis and cellular stability under stress conditions. Understanding stress signaling and responses will increase our ability to improve stress resistance in crops to achieve agricultural sustainability and food security for a growing world population.
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            Microplastics accumulate on pores in seed capsule and delay germination and root growth of the terrestrial vascular plant Lepidium sativum

            Thijs Bosker, Lotte J. Bouwman, Nadja R. Brun … (2019)
            The impacts of nano- and microplastics (<100 nm and <5 mm, respectively) on terrestrial systems is to the present largely unexplored. Plastic particles are likely to accumulate in these systems primarily by the application of sewage sludge. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of three sizes of plastic particles (50, 500, and 4800 nm) on a terrestrial plant (cress; Lepidium sativum), using a standardized 72 h bioassay. Cress seeds were exposed to five different concentrations of plastics, ranging from 103 to 107 particles mL-1. Germination rate was significantly reduced after 8 h of exposure for all three sizes of plastics, with increased adverse effect with increasing plastic sizes. Seeds exposed to 4800 nm microplastics showed a germination rate decline from 78% in control to 17% in the highest exposure. No difference in germination rate occurred after 24 h of exposure, regardless of the size of the plastic used. Significant differences in root growth were observed after 24 h, but not after 48 or 72 h of exposure. Impacts on germination are likely due to physical blockage of the pores in the seed capsule by microplastics as shown by confocal microscopy of fluorescent microplastics. In later stages, the microplastics particularly accumulated on the root hairs. This is the first detailed study on the effect of nano- and microplastics on a vascular, terrestrial plant, and our results indicate short-term and transient adverse effects.
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              Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity-Isn't it time for APAP to go away?

              William Lee (2017)
              Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most commonly used drug for the treatment of pain and fever around the world. At the same time, APAP can cause dose-related hepatocellular necrosis, responsible for nearly 500 deaths annually in the United States (US) alone, as well as 100,000 calls to US Poison Control Centers, 50,000 emergency room visits and 10,000 hospitalisations per year. As an over-the-counter and prescription product (with opioids), APAP toxicity dwarfs all other prescription drugs as a cause of acute liver failure in the US and Europe, but it is not regulated in any significant way. In this review the ongoing controversy surrounding the proper role for this ubiquitous pain reliever: its history, pathogenesis, clinical challenges in recognition and management, and current regulatory status are highlighted. A new solution to a 50-year-old problem is proposed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Seir Antonio Salazar Mercado:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3287-703X
                seirantoniosm@ufps.edu.co
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
                Title: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
                Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                ISSN (Print): 0944-1344
                ISSN (Electronic): 1614-7499
                Publication date (Electronic): 18 March 2023
                Pages: 1-12
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.441695.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0486 9547, Departamento de Biología, , Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ; San José de Cúcuta, Colombia
                [2 ]GRID grid.441695.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0486 9547, Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ; San José de Cúcuta, Colombia
                Author notes

                Responsible Editor: Gangrong Shi

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3287-703X
                Article
                Publisher ID: 26475
                DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26475-7
                PMC ID: 10024602
                PubMed ID: 36934188
                SO-VID: cdd24e45-a28c-4426-82ec-d5c257b37d02
                Copyright © © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Date received : 11 October 2022
                Date accepted : 11 March 2023
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: General environmental science
                Keywords: binucleate cell,cell abnormalities,pharmacological compounds,mitotic inhibition,micronuclei
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: General environmental science
                Keywords: binucleate cell, cell abnormalities, pharmacological compounds, mitotic inhibition, micronuclei

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