Does psychomotor agitation in major depressive episodes indicate bipolarity? Evidence from the Zurich Study.

Abstract

Kraepelin's partial interpretation of agitated depression as a mixed state of "manic-depressive insanity" (including the current concept of bipolar disorder) has recently been the focus of much research. This paper tested whether, how, and to what extent both psychomotor symptoms, agitation and retardation in depression are related to bipolarity and anxiety.