How oral health literacy and parental behavior during the meals relate to dental caries in children

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Abstract

Abstract This cross-sectional study aimed to verify the influence of parental behavior on the development of dental caries in children by assessing parents’ behavior during their children’s meals and their parental level of oral health literacy. This study was conducted with children aged 2 to 4 in Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil. Six hundred and thirty children were examined to assess the prevalence of dental caries (dmft index). Parents answered a questionnaire related to socio-demographic conditions, oral health literacy (OHL), and the parents’ behavior during the meal - Parent Mealtime Action Scale - (PMAS). The analysis fitted zero-inflated negative binomial regression (ZINB) models to assess unadjusted and adjusted associations between the study outcome and covariates. In the unadjusted analysis, the child’s age, the number of siblings, household crowding, family income, socioeconomic status and OHL were associated with the outcome (p <0.05). In the adjusted model, dental caries was more prevalent among 3- (PR: 1.85, 95%CI: 1.19–2.87) and 4-year-old children (PR: 2.43, 95%CI: 1.60–3.71), those with at least one sibling (PR: 1.66, 95%CI:1.18–2.33). Poor children were more likely to have dental caries (PR: 0.66, 95%CI: 0.48–0.91); the Use of Rewards dimension of the PMAS was associated positively with dental caries severity (RR: 0.90, 95%CI: 0.84–0.97). Although OHL was not associated with caries, parents’ mealtime behaviors were related to dental caries. This suggested that communication between parents and children related to good eating practices could play a protective role against dental caries in children.

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Health literacy and public health: A systematic review and integration of definitions and models

Karen Kristine Sørensen, Stephan Van den Broucke, James Fullam … (2012)

Background Health literacy concerns the knowledge and competences of persons to meet the complex demands of health in modern society. Although its importance is increasingly recognised, there is no consensus about the definition of health literacy or about its conceptual dimensions, which limits the possibilities for measurement and comparison. The aim of the study is to review definitions and models on health literacy to develop an integrated definition and conceptual model capturing the most comprehensive evidence-based dimensions of health literacy. Methods A systematic literature review was performed to identify definitions and conceptual frameworks of health literacy. A content analysis of the definitions and conceptual frameworks was carried out to identify the central dimensions of health literacy and develop an integrated model. Results The review resulted in 17 definitions of health literacy and 12 conceptual models. Based on the content analysis, an integrative conceptual model was developed containing 12 dimensions referring to the knowledge, motivation and competencies of accessing, understanding, appraising and applying health-related information within the healthcare, disease prevention and health promotion setting, respectively. Conclusions Based upon this review, a model is proposed integrating medical and public health views of health literacy. The model can serve as a basis for developing health literacy enhancing interventions and provide a conceptual basis for the development and validation of measurement tools, capturing the different dimensions of health literacy within the healthcare, disease prevention and health promotion settings.

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The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health

Poul Petersen, Denis Bourgeois, Hiroshi Ogawa … (2005)

This paper outlines the burden of oral diseases worldwide and describes the influence of major sociobehavioural risk factors in oral health. Despite great improvements in the oral health of populations in several countries, global problems still persist. The burden of oral disease is particularly high for the disadvantaged and poor population groups in both developing and developed countries. Oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, tooth loss, oral mucosal lesions and oropharyngeal cancers, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)-related oral disease and orodental trauma are major public health problems worldwide and poor oral health has a profound effect on general health and quality of life. The diversity in oral disease patterns and development trends across countries and regions reflects distinct risk profiles and the establishment of preventive oral health care programmes. The important role of sociobehavioural and environmental factors in oral health and disease has been shown in a large number of socioepidemiological surveys. In addition to poor living conditions, the major risk factors relate to unhealthy lifestyles (i.e. poor diet, nutrition and oral hygiene and use of tobacco and alcohol), and limited availability and accessibility of oral health services. Several oral diseases are linked to noncommunicable chronic diseases primarily because of common risk factors. Moreover, general diseases often have oral manifestations (e.g. diabetes or HIV/AIDS). Worldwide strengthening of public health programmes through the implementation of effective measures for the prevention of oral disease and promotion of oral health is urgently needed. The challenges of improving oral health are particularly great in developing countries.