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      Efeitos de absorventes de umidade e de aditivos químicos e microbianos sobre o valor nutritivo, o perfil fermentativo e as perdas em silagens de capim-marandu Translated title: Effect of moisture absorbents, chemical and microbial additives on the nutritional value, fermentative profile and losses of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Palisadegrass silages

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          Abstract

          Objetivou-se avaliar o valor nutritivo, o perfil fermentativo e as perdas de silagens de capim-marandu submetidas aos efeitos de absorventes de umidade e aditivos. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 3 × 5, com três teores de matéria seca (obtidos com adição de polpa cítrica (PCP) ou casca de soja (CSP), ambas peletizadas, em comparação à ausência de aditivos) e cinco aditivos (ausência ou presença de inoculante bacteriano, benzoato de sódio ou ácido fórmico 62% ou 44%). O arranjo resultou em 15 silagens, com 4 repetições, portanto 60 silos experimentais. Avaliaram-se o valor nutritivo, as perdas por gases e efluente e a recuperação de matéria seca (MS). A adição de polpa cítrica ou casca de soja peletizada elevou os teores de MS (29,4 e 28,9%), o que reduziu a produção de efluente (4,1 e 3,8 kg/t MV) e disponibilizou substratos fermentescíveis aos microrganismos, fato confirmado pela maior capacidade fermentativa e pela digestibilidade das silagens. Os aditivos à base de ácido fórmico foram mais efetivos em preservar carboidratos solúveis e proteína, o que culminou em maior digestibilidade. Esses aditivos também reduziram as perdas por gases e elevaram a recuperação de MS. O inoculante contendo bactérias homoláticas não diferiu desses aditivos quanto à digestibilidade das silagens e ainda reduziu as perdas por gases. Entre os aditivos, o benzoato foi o menos efetivo em alterar o padrão fermentativo das silagens de capim-marandu. O valor nutritivo e as perdas da silagem com teor de umidade original, não aditivada, podem ser considerados satisfatórios, contudo, a polpa cítrica e principalmente a casca de soja peletizadas se mostraram opção interessante e devem ser mais estudadas. O uso de aditivos contendo ácido fórmico também deve ser mais explorado com gramíneas tropicais, pois promove benefícios ao longo de todo processo fermentativo.

          Translated abstract

          The objective of this trial was to evaluate the nutritional value, fermentation profile and dry matter losses of Palisadegrass silages ensiled with either dried citrus pulp, soybean hulls, chemical or microbial additives. The trial was carried out in a completely randomized experimental design and in a factorial arrangement (3 × 5), with three dry matter levels (wet forage or forage ensiled with pelleted citrus pulp or pelleted soybean hulls) and five additives (without or with the presence of bacterial inoculants or the addition of: sodium benzoate, formic acid in the concentration of 62% or 44%), totalizing 15 treatments and 60 experimental silos. The variables analyzed were: nutritional value, losses due to gases and effluents, and dry matter recovery. The use of dried citrus pulp or soybean hulls at the ensiling time increased the dry matter content (29.4 and 28,9%) and decreased the effluent production (4.1 and 3.8 kg/t of fresh matter), also providing fermentable substrate to microorganisms, resulting in increased fermentation coefficient and digestibility of silages. The use of formic acid resulted in silages with higher digestibility and increased water-soluble carbohydrates and crude protein content. This additive was also effective in reducing the losses due to gases and, as a result, increased the total dry matter recovery. The treatment containing homolactic bacteria showed similar trend of increasing the digestibility and reducing the losses due to gases. The use of sodium benzoate was less effective in altering the fermentation pattern of tropical silages. The nutritional value and total dry matter losses of silages ensiled without additives can be considered satisfactory. However, wet forage ensiled with dried citrus pulp and, mainly, with soybeans hulls showed the best results. Treatments containing formic acid had a beneficial effect on the fermentation profile of tropical grass silages.

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          Most cited references26

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          Nutrient requirements of beef cattle

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            Comparison of methods of in vitro dry matter digestibility for ten feeds.

            L Holden (1999)
            The objectives were to determine if the in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility was similar by using a traditional method compared to the new DAISYII system and to determine if in vitro DM digestibility was similar for sources of inoculum from two different donor cow diets, all forage or total mixed ration. Ten feeds were digested by the traditional method, the DAISYII method with same feeds in a digestion vessel, and the DAISYII method with different feeds in a digestion vessel. The study used a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with two sources of inoculum and three methods. The study was replicated. Source of inoculum affected in vitro DM digestibility; the grass hay donor cow diet resulted in lower digestibility values in six of the 10 feeds tested. Method did not significantly affect the digestibility values, and there were no significant source by method interactions. The DAISYII method can be used to increase labor efficiency in the in vitro DM digestibility analysis, and forages and grains can be analyzed together in a single digestion vessel.
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              The silage fermentation

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbz
                Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
                R. Bras. Zootec.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia (Viçosa )
                1806-9290
                February 2009
                : 38
                : 2
                : 230-239
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Estadual Paulista Brazil
                Article
                S1516-35982009000200003
                10.1590/S1516-35982009000200003
                d0096a03-3f31-4303-aa01-36045acf3f76

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1516-3598&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                Animal agriculture,General veterinary medicine
                ammonium formate,effluent,formic acid,gases,lactic acid,odium benzoate,ácido fórmico,ácido lático,benzoato de sódio,efluente,formato de amônio

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