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      GENETICS OF PSORIASIS AND PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS

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      Author(s):
      Publication date (Print):
      Journal: Indian Journal of Dermatology
      Publisher: Medknow Publications
      Keywords: Copy number variation, environment, gene, human leucocyte antigen

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          Abstract

          It is well established that psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have a strong genetic component. Recent advances in genetics have confirmed previous associations and new loci have been discovered. However, these loci do not fully account for the high heritability of psoriasis and PsA and therefore many genetic as well as environmental factors remain to be identified. This paper reviews the current status of genetic studies in psoriasis and PsA.

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          Pathogenesis and clinical features of psoriasis.

          Christopher EM Griffiths, Jonathan Barker (2007)
          Psoriasis, a papulosquamous skin disease, was originally thought of as a disorder primarily of epidermal keratinocytes, but is now recognised as one of the commonest immune-mediated disorders. Tumour necrosis factor alpha, dendritic cells, and T-cells all contribute substantially to its pathogenesis. In early-onset psoriasis (beginning before age 40 years), carriage of HLA-Cw6 and environmental triggers, such as beta-haemolytic streptococcal infections, are major determinants of disease expression. Moreover, at least nine chromosomal psoriasis susceptibility loci have been identified. Several clinical phenotypes of psoriasis are recognised, with chronic plaque (psoriasis vulgaris) accounting for 90% of cases. Comorbidities of psoriasis are attracting interest, and include impairment of quality of life and associated depressive illness, cardiovascular disease, and a seronegative arthritis known as psoriatic arthritis. A more complete understanding of underlying pathomechanisms is leading to new treatments, which will be discussed in the second part of this Series.
          Article 0 comments Cited 549 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases.

            N Risch, K Merikangas (1996)
            Article 0 comments Cited 375 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              A large-scale genetic association study confirms IL12B and leads to the identification of IL23R as psoriasis-risk genes.

              Michele Cargill, Steven Schrodi, Monica Chang … (2007)
              We performed a multitiered, case-control association study of psoriasis in three independent sample sets of white North American individuals (1,446 cases and 1,432 controls) with 25,215 genecentric single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and found a highly significant association with an IL12B 3'-untranslated-region SNP (rs3212227), confirming the results of a small Japanese study. This SNP was significant in all three sample sets (odds ratio [OR](common) 0.64, combined P [Pcomb]=7.85x10(-10)). A Monte Carlo simulation to address multiple testing suggests that this association is not a type I error. The coding regions of IL12B were resequenced in 96 individuals with psoriasis, and 30 additional IL12B-region SNPs were genotyped. Haplotypes were estimated, and genotype-conditioned analyses identified a second risk allele (rs6887695) located approximately 60 kb upstream of the IL12B coding region that exhibited association with psoriasis after adjustment for rs3212227. Together, these two SNPs mark a common IL12B risk haplotype (OR(common) 1.40, Pcomb=8.11x10(-9)) and a less frequent protective haplotype (OR(common) 0.58, Pcomb=5.65x10(-12)), which were statistically significant in all three studies. Since IL12B encodes the common IL-12p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, we individually genotyped 17 SNPs in the genes encoding the other chains of these cytokines (IL12A and IL23A) and their receptors (IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and IL23R). Haplotype analyses identified two IL23R missense SNPs that together mark a common psoriasis-associated haplotype in all three studies (OR(common) 1.44, Pcomb=3.13x10(-6)). Individuals homozygous for both the IL12B and the IL23R predisposing haplotypes have an increased risk of disease (OR(common) 1.66, Pcomb=1.33x10(-8)). These data, and the previous observation that administration of an antibody specific for the IL-12p40 subunit to patients with psoriasis is highly efficacious, suggest that these genes play a fundamental role in psoriasis pathogenesis.
              Article 0 comments Cited 238 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Indian J Dermatol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJD
                Title: Indian Journal of Dermatology
                Publisher: Medknow Publications (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0019-5154
                ISSN (Electronic): 1998-3611
                Publication date (Print): Apr-Jun 2010
                Volume: 55
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 151-156
                Affiliations
                From the Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Vinod Chandran, 399 Bathurst Street, 1E-412, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8. E-mail: vinod.chandran@ 123456uhnres.utoronto.ca
                Article
                Publisher ID: IJD-55-151
                DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.62751
                PMC ID: 2887520
                PubMed ID: 20606885
                SO-VID: d064d7f7-11bc-45cd-88a4-52eb7cf15bba
                Copyright © © Indian Journal of Dermatology
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : February 2010
                Date accepted : February 2010
                Categories
                Subject: IJD Symposium

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dermatology
                Keywords: copy number variation,human leucocyte antigen,environment,gene
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dermatology
                Keywords: copy number variation, human leucocyte antigen, environment, gene

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