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      Índice cintura-cadera contra perímetro cintura para el diagnóstico del síndrome metabólico en niños y adolescentes con familiares de primer grado diabéticos tipo 1 Translated title: Waist-hip index versus waist circumference for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in first degree-children and adolescents relatives of persons with type 1 diabetes

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: comparar las mediciones de perímetro cintura e índice cintura-cadera para determinar la frecuencia del síndrome metabólico en familiares de primer grado de personas con diabetes tipo 1, utilizando diferentes definiciones pediátricas. Métodos: se estudiaron 224 familiares de primer grado de personas con diabetes tipo 1, en edades comprendidas entre los 4 y los 19 años. Se les determinó peso, talla, perímetro cintura y perímetro cadera, tensión arterial, glucemia, triglicéridos y HDL-colesterol. Se aplicaron las definiciones de síndrome metabólico según los criterios de Cook, Ford, la Federación Internacional de Diabetes y del consenso cubano. Se realizó una variante del consenso cubano utilizando: índice de masa corporal e índice cintura-cadera, según tablas cubanas, valores de glucosa ³ 5,6 mmol/L y tensión arterial ³ 90 percentil (tablas cubanas). Se tomaron, de forma independiente, los criterios de HDL-colesterol y triglicéridos. Empleamos el índice cintura-cadera de las tablas cubanas, el perímetro cintura sugerido por la Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes y el europeo para las definiciones estudiadas. Para la comparación de las frecuencias del síndrome metabólico, se usó la prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: la frecuencia del síndrome metabólico al aplicar la variante del consenso cubano fue de 9,37 % (21/224). Al comparar la variante del consenso cubano con las definiciones de Cook, Ford y la Federación Internacional de Diabetes (que utiliza el perímetro cintura de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes), se observó diferencia significativa con Cook y la Federación Internacional de Diabetes (4,01 %, p= 0,0360; 1,33 %, p= 0,0002 respectivamente). Al confrontar la presencia del síndrome metabólico de la variante del consenso cubano con Cook (8,48 %; 19/224) y Ford (8,93 %; 20/224), teniendo en cuenta el índice cintura-cadera de las tablas cubanas, podemos detectar frecuencias similares de familiares de primer grado de personas con diabetes tipo 1 con síndrome metabólico. En cambio, encontramos diferencias significativas cuando comparamos las frecuencias del síndrome metabólico de la variante del consenso cubano (p= 0,0019), de Cook (p= 0,0053) y de Ford (p= 0,0032), con la definición sugerida por la Federación Internacional de Diabetes (2,23 %; 5/224) empleando el índice cintura-cadera. Conclusiones: nuestros datos indican que para el diagnóstico del síndrome metabólico debemos utilizar el índice cintura-cadera y no el perímetro cintura sugerido por la Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes, aún sin presentar datos propios del perímetro cintura de la población cubana.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: to compare the measurements of waist circumference and waist-hip circumference to determine the frequency of metabolic syndrome in first degree relatives of persons with type 1diabetes, using different pediatric definitions. Methods: two hundred twenty four first degree relatives of persons with type 1 diabetes were studied in ages from 4 to 10 years. Weight, height, waist-hip circumference, blood pressure, glycemia, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol were determined. The definitions of metabolic syndrome according to Cook, Ford, International Federation of Diabetes and the Cuban consensus were applied. A variant of Cuban consensus was performed using: body mass index and waist-hip index according the Cuban tables, values of glucose ³ 5,6 mmol/L and blood pressure ³ 90 percentile (Cuban tables). In an independent way, criteria of HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were taken into account. The waist-hip index of Cuban tables, the waist circumference suggested by the Latin-American and European Association of Diabetes for study definitions were applied. For comparison of frequencies of metabolic syndrome the Fisher exact test was used. Results: the frequency of metabolic syndrome with application of Cuban consensus variant was of 9,37 % (21/224). Comparing the above variant with the definitions of Cook, Ford and of the International Federation of Diabetes (using the waist circumference of the Latin-American Association of Diabetes, there was a significant difference between Cook and the International Federation of Diabetes (4,01 %, p= 0,0360; 1,33 %, p= 0,0002, respectively). Comparing the presence of metabolic syndrome of the Cuban consensus variant with Cook (8,48 %; 19/224) and Ford (8,93 %; 20/224) taking into account the waist-hip index of the Cuban tables, it is possible to detect similar frequencies of first degree relatives of persons with type 1 diabetes with metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, we found significant differences comparing the frequencies of metabolic syndrome of the Cuban consensus variant (p= 0,0019), of Cook (p= 0,0053) and of Ford (p= 0,0032) with the definition suggested by the International Federation of Diabetes (2,23 %; 5/224) using the waist-hip index. Conclusions: our data demonstrate that for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome we must to use the waist-hip index and not the circumference suggested by the Latin-American Association of Diabetes, still without to present own data of waist-hip circumference of the Cuban population.

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          Most cited references35

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          Body mass index and waist circumference independently contribute to the prediction of nonabdominal, abdominal subcutaneous, and visceral fat.

          It is unknown whether the ability of waist circumference (WC) to predict health risk beyond that predicted by body mass index (BMI) alone is explained in part by the ability of WC to identify those with elevated concentrations of total or abdominal fat. We sought to determine whether BMI and WC independently contribute to the prediction of non-abdominal (total fat - abdominal fat), abdominal subcutaneous, and visceral fat. Fat distribution was measured by magnetic resonance imaging in 341 white men and women. Multiple regression analysis was performed to measure whether the combination of BMI and WC explained a greater variance in non-abdominal, abdominal subcutaneous, and visceral fat than did BMI or WC alone. These fat depots were also compared after a subdivision of the cohort into 3 BMI (normal, overweight, and class I obese) and 3 WC (low, intermediate, and high) categories according to the classification system used to identify associations between BMI, WC, and health risk. Independent of age and sex, the combination of BMI and WC explained a greater variance in non-abdominal, abdominal subcutaneous, and visceral fat than did either BMI or WC alone (P < 0.05). For non-abdominal and abdominal subcutaneous fat, BMI was the strongest correlate; thus, by adding BMI to WC, the variance accrued was greater than when WC was added to BMI. However, when WC was added to BMI, the added variance explained for visceral fat was greater than when BMI was added to WC. Furthermore, within each of the 3 BMI categories studied, an increase in the WC category was associated with an increase in visceral fat (P < 0.05). BMI and WC independently contribute to the prediction of non-abdominal, abdominal subcutaneous, and visceral fat in white men and women. These observations reinforce the importance of using both BMI and WC in clinical practice.
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            Waist circumference and cardiovascular risk factors in prepubertal children.

            Intra-abdominal fat has been identified as being the most clinically relevant type of fat in humans. Therefore, an assessment of body-fat distribution could possibly identify subjects with the highest risk of adverse lipid profile and hypertension. Few data on the relationship between body-fat distribution and cardiovascular risk factors are available in children, especially before puberty. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to explore the relationship between anthropometric variables, lipid concentrations, and blood pressure (BP) in a sample of 818 prepubertal children (ages 3 to 11 years) and to assess the clinical relevance of waist circumference in identifying prepubertal children with higher cardiovascular risk. Height, weight, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, waist circumference, and BP were measured. Plasma levels for triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were determined. Females were fatter than males (5.8 [3.5] vs. 4.8 [3.3] kg of fat mass; p < 0.01). Males had higher HDL cholesterol and ApoA1/ApoB plasma concentrations than females (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Waist circumference had a higher correlation with systolic and diastolic BP (r = 0.40 and 0.29, respectively; p < 0.001) than triceps (r = 0.35 and 0.21, respectively; p < 0.001) and subscapular (r = 0.28 and 0.16, respectively; p < 0.001) skinfolds and relative body weight (0.33 and 0.23, respectively; p < 0.001). Multivariate linear model analysis showed that ApoA1/ApoB, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, and systolic as well as diastolic BP were significantly associated with waist circumference and triceps and subscapular skinfolds, independently of age, gender, and body mass index. Waist circumference as well as subscapular and triceps skinfolds may be helpful parameters in identifying prepubertal children with an adverse blood-lipids profile and hypertension. However, waist circumference, which is easy to measure and more easily reproducible than skinfolds, may be considered in clinical practice. Children with a waist circumference greater than the 90th percentile are more likely to have multiple risk factors than children with a waist circumference that is less than or equal to the 90th percentile.
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              Value of body fat mass vs anthropometric obesity indices in the assessment of metabolic risk factors.

              To compare the value of body fat mass (%FM) to indirect measures of general (body mass index (BMI)) and central adiposity (waist circumference (WC); waist-to-height ratio (WC/ht)) for the prediction of overweight- and obesity-related metabolic risk in a study population with a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MSX). BMI, WC, WC/ht, body composition (by air-displacement plethysmography) and metabolic risk factors: triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), uric acid, systolic blood pressure (BPsys), insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in 335 adults (191 women, 144 men; mean age 53 +/-13.9 years, prevalence of MSX 30%). When compared with BMI and WC, %FM showed weaker associations with metabolic risk factors, except for CRP and BPsys in men. In women, HDL-C and HOMA-IR showed the closest correlations with BMI. For all other risk factors, WC or WC/ht were the best predictors in both sexes. Differences in the strength of correlations between an obesity index and different risk factors exceeded the differences observed between all obesity indices within one risk factor. In stepwise multiple regression analyses, WC/ht was the main predictor of metabolic risk in both sexes combined. However, analysis of the area under receiver operating characteristic curves for prediction of the prevalence of >or=2 component traits of the MSX revealed a similar accuracy of all obesity indices. At the population level, measurement of body FM has no advantage over BMI and WC in the prediction of obesity-related metabolic risk. Although measures of central adiposity (WC, WC/ht) tended to show closer associations with risk factors than measures of general adiposity, the differences were small and depended on the type of risk factor and sex, suggesting an equivalent value of methods.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                end
                Revista Cubana de Endocrinología
                Rev Cubana Endocrinol
                Editorial Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de la Habana, , Cuba )
                1561-2953
                December 2011
                : 22
                : 3
                : 182-195
                Affiliations
                [03] La Habana orgnameHospital Pediátrico Docente William Soler Cuba
                [01] La Habana orgnameInstituto Nacional de Endocrinología Cuba
                [02] La Habana orgnameHospital Pediátrico de Centro Habana Cuba
                Article
                S1561-29532011000300002 S1561-2953(11)02200302
                d0d4fffd-91c4-43a7-9125-545709545c29

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 May 2011
                : 26 June 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                TRABAJOS DE REVISIÓN

                perímetro cintura,metabolic syndrome,children and adolescents,first-degree relatives of persons with type 1 diabetes,waist-hip index,waist circumference,síndrome metabólico,niños y adolescentes,familiares de primer grado de diabéticos tipo 1,índice cintura-cadera

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