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      Betanidin significantly reduces blood glucose levels in BALB/c mice fed with an atherogenic diet

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          Abstract

          Six weeks BALB/c mice were fed with an atherogenic diet for 24 weeks and purified water ad libitum. An experimental group was given betanidin, orally, during the last 40 days of the experiment at a dose of 9.6 mg per mouse per day. Negative controls were fed with standard rodent chow only. Glycemia was measured at the end of the experiment, after overnight fasting. The group treated with betanidin presented a highly significant reduction of 50.94% compared to positive controls. We conclude that betanidin reduces glycemia in BALB/c mice by an unidentified mechanism.

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          Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13659-012-0034-z and is accessible for authorized users.

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          Betalains: properties, sources, applications, and stability - a review

          Henriette M.C. de Azeredo (2009)
          Article 0 comments Cited 140 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Antioxidant activity of betalains from plants of the amaranthaceae.

            H Corke, Peter Y. Cai, Mei Sun (2003)
            Antioxidant activity of betalain pigments (seven pure compounds and four combined fractions) from plants of the family Amaranthaceae was evaluated using the modified DPPH(*) (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. All tested betalains exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Their EC(50) values ranged from 3.4 to 8.4 microM. Gomphrenin type betacyanins (mean = 3.7 microM) and betaxanthins (mean = 4.2 microM) demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity, 3-4-fold stronger than ascorbic acid (13.9 microM) and also stronger than rutin (6.1 microM) and catechin (7.2 microM). Antioxidant activity of the tested betalains decreased in the following order: simple gomphrenins > acylated gomphrenins > dopamine-betaxanthin > (S)-tryptophan-betaxanthin > 3-methoxytyramine-betaxanthin > betanin/isobetanin > celosianins > iresinins > amaranthine/isoamaranthine. This study also investigated and discussed the relationship between the chemical structure and the activity of the betalains. The free radical scavenging activity of the betalains usually increased with the numbers of hydroxyl/imino groups and, moreover, depended on the position of hydroxyl groups and glycosylation of aglycones in the betalain molecules.
            Article 0 comments Cited 124 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Antioxidant activities of sicilian prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica) fruit extracts and reducing properties of its betalains: betanin and indicaxanthin.

              Daniela Butera, Luisa Tesoriere, Francesca Di Gaudio … (2002)
              Sicilian cultivars of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica) produce yellow, red, and white fruits, due to the combination of two betalain pigments, the purple-red betanin and the yellow-orange indicaxanthin. The betalain distribution in the three cultivars and the antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts from edible pulp were investigated. In addition, the reducing capacity of purified betanin and indicaxanthin was measured. According to a spectrophotometric analysis, the yellow cultivar exhibited the highest amount of betalains, followed by the red and white ones. Indicaxanthin accounted for about 99% of betalains in the white fruit, while the ratio of betanin to indicaxanthin varied from 1:8 (w:w) in the yellow fruit to 2:1 (w:w) in the red one. Polyphenol pigments were negligible components only in the red fruit. When measured as 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) equivalents per gram of pulp, the methanolic fruit extracts showed a marked antioxidant activity. Vitamin C did not account for more than 40% of the measured activity. In addition, the extracts dose-dependently inhibited the organic hydroperoxide-stimulated red cell membrane lipid oxidation, as well as the metal-dependent and -independent low-density lipoprotein oxidation. The extract from the white fruit showed the highest protection in all models of lipid oxidation. Purified betanin and indicaxanthin were more effective than Trolox at scavenging the [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] diammonium salt cation radical. Cyclic voltammetric measurements show two anodic waves for betanin and indicaxanthin, and differential pulse voltammetry shows three anodic waves for betanin, with calculated peak potentials of 404, 616, and 998 mV, and two anodic waves for indicaxanthin, with peak potentials of 611 and 895 mV. Betanin underwent complex formation through chelation with Cu(2+), whereas indicaxanthin was not modified. These findings suggest that the above betalains contribute to the antioxidant activity of prickly pear fruits.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Agustin Lugo-Radillo: alugor@hotmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nat Prod Bioprospect
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nat Prod Bioprospect
                Title: Natural Products and Bioprospecting
                Publisher: Springer-Verlag (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                ISSN (Print): 2192-2195
                ISSN (Electronic): 2192-2209
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 June 2012
                Publication date PMC-release: 22 June 2012
                Publication date Collection: August 2012
                Volume: 2
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 154-155
                Affiliations
                [ ]Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Periférico Sur 2767, San Jerónimo Lídice, Magdalena Contreras, 10200 México D.F., México
                [ ]Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Colonia Las Víboras, 28040 Colima, Colima, México
                [ ]Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Colima., Carr. Colima-Manzanillo km 40, 28100 Tecomán, Colima, México
                Article
                Publisher ID: 34
                DOI: 10.1007/s13659-012-0034-z
                PMC ID: 4131630
                SO-VID: d0f8f7fb-9c85-48c8-b5c4-80e56fc46176
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2012
                History
                Date received : 9 May 2012
                Date accepted : 15 June 2012
                Categories
                Subject: Short Communication
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012

                Keywords: betalains,betanidin,blood glucose,hypoglycemiant
                Data availability:
                Keywords: betalains, betanidin, blood glucose, hypoglycemiant

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