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      Thinking and managing outside the box: coalescing connectivity networks to build region-wide resilience in coral reef ecosystems

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          Connectivity of marine populations: open or closed?

          R K Cowen, K Lwiza, S Sponaugle … (2000)
          Most marine populations are thought to be well connected via long-distance dispersal of larval stages. Eulerian and Lagrangian flow models, coupled with linear mortality estimates, were used to examine this assumption. The findings show that when simple advection models are used, larval exchange rates may be overestimated; such simplistic models fail to account for a decrease of up to nine orders of magnitude in larval concentrations resulting from diffusion and mortality. The alternative process of larval retention near local populations is shown to exist and may be of great importance in the maintenance of marine population structure and management of coastal marine resources.
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            Mangroves enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean.

            Peter Mumby, Alasdair Edwards, J. Ernesto Arias-González … (2004)
            Mangrove forests are one of the world's most threatened tropical ecosystems with global loss exceeding 35% (ref. 1). Juvenile coral reef fish often inhabit mangroves, but the importance of these nurseries to reef fish population dynamics has not been quantified. Indeed, mangroves might be expected to have negligible influence on reef fish communities: juvenile fish can inhabit alternative habitats and fish populations may be regulated by other limiting factors such as larval supply or fishing. Here we show that mangroves are unexpectedly important, serving as an intermediate nursery habitat that may increase the survivorship of young fish. Mangroves in the Caribbean strongly influence the community structure of fish on neighbouring coral reefs. In addition, the biomass of several commercially important species is more than doubled when adult habitat is connected to mangroves. The largest herbivorous fish in the Atlantic, Scarus guacamaia, has a functional dependency on mangroves and has suffered local extinction after mangrove removal. Current rates of mangrove deforestation are likely to have severe deleterious consequences for the ecosystem function, fisheries productivity and resilience of reefs. Conservation efforts should protect connected corridors of mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs.
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              New paradigms for supporting the resilience of marine ecosystems.

              Terence P. Hughes, David R. Bellwood, Carl Folke … (2005)
              Resource managers and scientists from disparate disciplines are rising to the challenge of understanding and moderating human impacts on marine ecosystems. Traditional barriers to communication between marine ecologists, fisheries biologists, social scientists and economists are beginning to break down, and the distinction between applied and basic research is fading. These ongoing trends arise, in part, from an increasing awareness of the profound influence of people on the functioning of all marine ecosystems, an increased focus on spatial and temporal scale, and a renewed assessment of the role of biodiversity in the sustainability of ecosystem goods and services upon which human societies depend. Here, we highlight the emergence of a complex systems approach for sustaining and repairing marine ecosystems, linking ecological resilience to governance structures, economics and society.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Coral Reefs
                Abbreviated Title: Coral Reefs
                Publisher: Springer Nature
                ISSN (Print): 0722-4028
                ISSN (Electronic): 1432-0975
                Publication date Created: June 2009
                Publication date (Print): February 2009
                Volume: 28
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 367-378
                Article
                DOI: 10.1007/s00338-009-0470-3
                SO-VID: d1190c1d-d0ff-45ae-85b5-9da3a45d82bd
                Copyright © © 2009
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