12
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Tratamiento del dolor irruptivo Translated title: Treatment of breakthrough pain

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          La Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica (SEOM), la Sociedad Española de Cuidados Paliativos (SECPAL) y la Sociedad Española de Dolor (SED), establecieron un documento de consenso en el que asumieron el término "dolor irruptivo", para definir una exacerbación del dolor de forma súbita y transitoria, de gran intensidad (EVA > 7) y de corta duración (usualmente inferior a 20-30 minutos), que aparece sobre la base de un dolor persistente estable, cuando este se encuentra reducido a un nivel tolerable (EVA < 5) mediante el uso fundamental de opioides mayores. La clasificación del dolor irruptivo más utilizada es la que distingue entre dolor irruptivo incidental (predecible o impredecible), idiopático y relacionado con el final de dosis. El manejo adecuado del dolor irruptivo se basa en tres aspectos: prevención, anticipación y uso de la medicación adecuada. Existen formulaciones de opioides de inicio de acción rápida y duración de acción corta (ROOs) que se ajustan mucho mejor al perfil y al tratamiento de este tipo de dolor. Todas ellas contienen citrato de fentanilo y se administran a través de la mucosa oral (transmucosa oral, bucal o sublingual) o nasal. Todos tienen un inicio precoz del efecto, entre 5-15 minutos tras la administración y un tiempo de duración entre 2-4 h y una biodisponibilidad que puede variar según la presentación. Fentanilo sublingual, bucal e intranasal tienen un inicio de acción más rápido y una mayor biodisponibilidad que fentanilo transmucosa oral. Aunque la mayoría de los estudios controlados publicados al respecto, sobre la utilización de ROOs en el dolor irruptivo, recomiendan la necesidad de titulación de dosis (sobre todo los que incluyen CFOT y fentanilo bucal), la elección de una dosis eficaz sigue siendo dificultosa.

          Translated abstract

          Breakthrough pain is defined as an exacerbation of the pain of sudden and transient, high intensity (VAS > 7) and short duration (usually less than 20-30 minutes), which appears on the basis of a stable persistent pain, when this is reduced to a tolerable level (VAS < 5) by using strong opioids. The classification most used is the classification based on the following: Incident (predictable, unpredictable), idiopathic and end-of-dose. Proper management of breakthrough pain is based on three aspects: prevention, early and appropriate medication use. There are formulations of opioids rapid onset and short duration of action (ROOS) that better fit the profile and treatment of this type of pain. Everyone has an early onset of effect, between 5-15 minutes after dosing and a duration of 2-4 h and a bioavailability which may vary according to the filing. Fentanyl buccal tablets, sublingual fentanyl and intranasal nasal fentanyl have a faster onset of action and greater bioavailability of fentanyl transmucosal oral. Although most published controlled studies on this question, the use of de ROOs in the breakthrough pain, indicate the need for dose titration (especially fentanyl OTFC and oral), the choice of an effective dose is still difficult.

          Related collections

          Most cited references52

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found
          Is Open Access

          Clinical guidelines for the use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic noncancer pain.

          Use of chronic opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain has increased substantially. The American Pain Society and the American Academy of Pain Medicine commissioned a systematic review of the evidence on chronic opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain and convened a multidisciplinary expert panel to review the evidence and formulate recommendations. Although evidence is limited, the expert panel concluded that chronic opioid therapy can be an effective therapy for carefully selected and monitored patients with chronic noncancer pain. However, opioids are also associated with potentially serious harms, including opioid-related adverse effects and outcomes related to the abuse potential of opioids. The recommendations presented in this document provide guidance on patient selection and risk stratification; informed consent and opioid management plans; initiation and titration of chronic opioid therapy; use of methadone; monitoring of patients on chronic opioid therapy; dose escalations, high-dose opioid therapy, opioid rotation, and indications for discontinuation of therapy; prevention and management of opioid-related adverse effects; driving and work safety; identifying a medical home and when to obtain consultation; management of breakthrough pain; chronic opioid therapy in pregnancy; and opioid-related policies. Safe and effective chronic opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain requires clinical skills and knowledge in both the principles of opioid prescribing and on the assessment and management of risks associated with opioid abuse, addiction, and diversion. Although evidence is limited in many areas related to use of opioids for chronic noncancer pain, this guideline provides recommendations developed by a multidisciplinary expert panel after a systematic review of the evidence.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Breakthrough pain: definition, prevalence and characteristics.

            In the cancer population, the term breakthrough pain typically refers to a transitory flare of pain in the setting of chronic pain managed with opioid drugs. The prevalence and characteristics of this phenomenon have not been defined, and its impact on patient care is unknown. We developed operational definitions for breakthrough pain and its major characteristics, and applied these in a prospective survey of patients with cancer pain. Data were collected during a 3 month period from consecutive patients who reported moderate pain or less for more than 12 h daily and stable opioid dosing for a minimum of 2 consecutive days. Of 63 patients surveyed, 41 (64%) reported breakthrough pain, transient flares of severe or excruciating pain. Fifty-one different pains were described (median 4 pains/day; range 1-3600). Pain characteristics were extremely varied. Twenty-two (43%) pains were paroxysmal in onset; the remainder were more gradual. The duration varied from seconds to hours (median/range: 30 min/1-240 min), and 21 (41%) were both paroxysmal and brief (lancinating pain). Fifteen (29%) of the pains were related to the fixed opioid dose, occurring solely at the end of the dosing interval. Twenty-eight (55%) of the pains were precipitated; of these, 22 were caused by an action of the patient (incident pain), and 6 were associated with a non-volitional precipitant, such as flatulence. The pathophysiology of the pain was believed to be somatic in 17 (33%), visceral in 10 (20%), neuropathic in 14 (27%), and mixed in 10 (20%). Pain was related to the tumor in 42 (82%), the effects of therapy in 7 (14%), and neither in 2 (4%). Diverse interventions were employed to manage these pains, with variable efficacy. These data clarify the spectrum of breakthrough pains and indicate their importance in cancer pain management.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              The management of cancer-related breakthrough pain: recommendations of a task group of the Science Committee of the Association for Palliative Medicine of Great Britain and Ireland.

              A task group of the Science Committee of the Association for Palliative Medicine of Great Britain and Ireland (APM) was convened to produce some up-to-date, evidence-based, practical, clinical guidelines on the management of cancer-related breakthrough pain in adults. On the basis of a review of the literature, the task group was unable to make recommendations about any individual interventions, but was able to make a series of 12 recommendations about certain generic strategies. However, most of the aforementioned recommendations are based on limited evidence (i.e., case series, expert opinion). The task group also proposed a definition of breakthrough pain, and some diagnostic criteria for breakthrough pain.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                dolor
                Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor
                Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor
                Inspira Network Group, S.L (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1134-8046
                December 2012
                : 19
                : 6
                : 318-324
                Affiliations
                [01] Ourense orgnameComplejo Hospitalario de Ourense orgdiv1Servicio de Anestesia, Reanimación y Dolor
                Article
                S1134-80462012000600006
                d15c0741-4a2f-4e6b-9044-bea3b615768a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 July 2011
                : 01 April 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Dolor irruptivo,Opioides,Fentanilo,Opioides de inicio de acción rápida (ROOs),Breakthrough pain,Opioid,Fentanyl,Rapid onset opioid (ROOs)

                Comments

                Comment on this article