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      Influência do estado nutricional e do VO2max nos níveis de adiponectina em homens acima de 35 anos Translated title: Influence of nutritional status and VO2max on adiponectin levels in men older than 35 years Translated title: Influencia del Estado Nutricional y del VO2max en los Niveles de Adiponectina en Hombres que superan los 35 Años

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          Abstract

          FUNDAMENTO: A adiponectina é considerada importante fator na patogênese das doenças cardiovasculares e metabólicas, por suas propriedades antiaterogênicas e antiinflamatórias. Poucos estudos, entretanto, sugerem a existência de relação direta entre os níveis de adiponectina e os níveis de condicionamento cardiorrespiratório e atividade física. OBJETIVO: Verificar a influência do estado nutricional e do condicionamento cardiorrespiratório nos níveis plasmáticos de adiponectina em homens adultos. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 250 sujeitos, homens, todos militares da ativa do Exército Brasileiro (42,6 ± 4,8 anos). Foram mensurados os níveis plasmáticos de adiponectina, massa corporal, estatura, circunferência da cintura (CC), percentual de gordura por pesagem hidrostática e VO2max por ergoespirometria. Um questionário foi utilizado para obter as características do treinamento físico realizado pelos sujeitos. RESULTADOS: Na amostra, 121 (48%) sujeitos apresentaram sobrepeso e 36 (14%) eram obesos. Ainda, 66 sujeitos (27%) apresentaram percentual de gordura maior que 25% e 26.7% apresentaram CC > 94 cm. Sujeitos com sobrepeso e obesidade apresentaram valores significativamente menores de adiponectina em relação aqueles com estado nutricional normal. Sujeitos no mais alto tercil de VO2max apresentaram níveis de adiponectina mais altos que os demais. Os níveis de adiponectina estiveram positivamente correlacionados com o tempo total de treinamento físico semanal e com o VO2max e inversamente correlacionados com os valores de massa corporal, IMC e CC. A correlação dos níveis de adiponectina e do VO2max não permaneceu significante após controlada pelo IMC e CC. CONCLUSÃO: Sujeitos com melhor condicionamento cardiorrespiratório e com estado nutricional normal parecem apresentar níveis mais saudáveis de adiponectina.

          Translated abstract

          BACKGROUND: Adiponectin is considered an important factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, due to its anti- atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Few studies, however, have suggested the existence of a direct association between adiponectin levels and cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity levels. OBJECTIVE: To verify the influence of the nutritional status and cardiorespiratory fitness on plasma adiponectin levels in adult men. METHODS: A total of 250 subjects, all in active duty in the Brazilian Army (BA), with a mean age of 42,6 ± 4,8 years volunteered to participate in the study. Plasma levels of adiponectin were measured, as well as body mass, height, waist circumference (WC), fat percentage by hydrostatic weighing and VO2max by ergospirometry. A questionnaire was used to obtain the characteristics of the physical training performed by the individuals. RESULTS: The sample showed that 121 (48%) individuals were overweight and 36 (14%) were obese. Moreover, 66 individuals (27%) had a body fat percentage > 25% and 26,7% had a WC > 94 cm. Overweight and obese individuals had significantly lower adiponectin levels than those with an adequate nutritional status. Individuals at the highest tertile of VO2max had higher adiponectin levels than the others. The adiponectin levels were positively correlated with the total weekly physical training time and VO2max and inversely correlated with body mass, BMI and WC. The correlation between adiponectin levels and VO2max did not remain significant after being adjusted for BMI and WC. CONCLUSION: Individuals with better cardiorespiratory fitness and normal nutritional status seem to present healthier levels of adiponectin.

          Translated abstract

          FUNDAMENTO: La adiponectina es considerada un importante factor en la patogénesis de las enfermedades cardiovasculares y metabólicas, por sus propiedades antiaterogénicas y antiinflamatorias. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que sugieran la existencia de una relación directa entre los niveles de adiponectina y los niveles de condicionamiento cardiorrespiratorio y la actividad física. OBJETIVO: Verificar la influencia del estado nutricional y del condicionamiento cardiorrespiratorio en los niveles plasmáticos de adiponectina en hombres adultos. MÉTODOS: Se evaluaron 250 individuos hombres, todos militares en activo del Ejército Brasileño (42.6 ± 4.8 años). Se midieron los niveles plasmáticos de adiponectina, masa corporal, altura, circunferencia de la cintura (CC), porcentaje de grasa corporal por peso hidrostático y condicionamiento cardiorespiratorio por ergoespirometria. Un cuestionario se usó para obtener las características del entrenamiento físico realizado por los individuos. RESULTADOS: En la muestra, 121 (48%), de los individuos presentaron sobrepeso y 36 (14%) eran obesos. Además, 66 individuos (27%), presentaron un porcentaje de grasa corporal mayor que el 25%, y el 26,7% presentaron CC > 94 cm. Los individuos con sobrepeso y obesidad presentaron valores significativamente menores de adiponectina con relación a los que tenían un estado nutricional normal. Los individuos con el más elevado tercil de condicionamiento cardiorespiratorio, presentaron niveles de adiponectina más altos que los demás. Los niveles de adiponectina quedaron positivamente correlacionados con el tiempo total de entrenamiento físico semanal y con el condicionamiento cardiorespiratorio, e inversamente correlacionados con los valores de masa corporal, IMC y CC. La correlación de los niveles de adiponectina y del condicionamiento cardiorespiratorio no permanecieron significativos después del control del IMC y CC. CONCLUSIÓN: Los individuos con un mejor condicionamiento cardiorrespiratorio y con un estado nutricional normal parecen presentar niveles más sanos de adiponectina.

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          Most cited references39

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          Control of energy homeostasis and insulin action by adipocyte hormones: leptin, acylation stimulating protein, and adiponectin.

          P Havel (2002)
          Adipose tissue performs complex metabolic and endocrine functions. This review will focus on the recent literature on the biology and actions of three adipocyte hormones involved in the control of energy homeostasis and insulin action, leptin, acylation-stimulating protein, and adiponectin, and mechanisms regulating their production. Results from studies of individuals with absolute leptin deficiency (or receptor defects), and more recently partial leptin deficiency, reveal leptin's critical role in the normal regulation of appetite and body adiposity in humans. The primary biological role of leptin appears to be adaptation to low energy intake rather than a brake on overconsumption and obesity. Leptin production is mainly regulated by insulin-induced changes of adipocyte metabolism. Consumption of fat and fructose, which do not initiate insulin secretion, results in lower circulating leptin levels, a consequence which may lead to overeating and weight gain in individuals or populations consuming diets high in energy derived from these macronutrients. Acylation-stimulating protein acts as a paracrine signal to increase the efficiency of triacylglycerol synthesis in adipocytes, an action that results in more rapid postprandial lipid clearance. Genetic knockout of acylation-stimulating protein leads to reduced body fat, obesity resistance and improved insulin sensitivity in mice. The primary regulator of acylation-stimulating protein production appears to be circulating dietary lipid packaged as chylomicrons. Adiponectin increases insulin sensitivity, perhaps by increasing tissue fat oxidation resulting in reduced circulating fatty acid levels and reduced intramyocellular or liver triglyceride content. Adiponectin and leptin together normalize insulin action in severely insulin-resistant animals that have very low levels of adiponectin and leptin due to lipoatrophy. Leptin also improves insulin resistance and reduces hyperlipidemia in lipoatrophic humans. Adiponectin production is stimulated by agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; an action may contribute to the insulin-sensitizing effects of this class of compounds. The production of all three hormones is influenced by nutritional status. These adipocyte hormones, the pathways controlling their production, and their receptors represent promising targets for managing obesity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance.
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            Adiponectin and its role in the obesity-induced insulin resistance and related complications.

            It is now generally accepted that adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ producing a number of substances with an important role in the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure and a series of metabolic processes. Adiponectin is a recently discovered protein produced exclusively by adipocytes. A number of studies have shown that obesity, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis are accompanied by decreased adiponectin levels and that adiponectin replacement under experimental settings is able to diminish both insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the physiology and pathophysiology of adiponectin and to discuss its potential in the treatment of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis.
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              Adiponectin is altered after maximal exercise in highly trained male rowers.

              The purpose of present study was to investigate plasma adiponectin response to acute exercise in highly trained male rowers. Ten rowers performed a maximal 6,000-m rowing ergometer test [mean performance time approximately 20 min; 1,200.8 (29.9) s], and venous blood samples were obtained before, immediately after and after 30 min of recovery. In addition to adiponectin concentration, leptin, insulin, growth hormone and glucose values were measured. Adiponectin was not changed immediately after the exercise when uncorrected for plasma volume changes (-8.1%; P>0.05). However, adiponectin was decreased immediately after the exercise when adjusted for plasma volume changes (-11.3%; P<0.05). Adiponectin was significantly increased above the resting value after the first 30 min of recovery (uncorrected for plasma volume, +19.3%; corrected for plasma volume, +20.0%). No changes occurred in plasma leptin and insulin concentrations with exercise (uncorrected for plasma volume changes). While growth hormone and glucose values were significantly increased and decreased to the pre-exercise level immediately after the exercise and after the first 30 min of recovery, respectively (uncorrected for plasma volume changes), no differences in the responses to exercise were observed in these measured blood parameters when adjusting for plasma volume changes. There were no relationships between plasma adiponectin and other measured blood parameters before and after the exercise, nor were changes in adiponectin related to changes in other measured blood biochemical values after the exercise. These results suggest that plasma adiponectin is altered as a result of maximal acute exercise in highly trained athletes.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abc
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia
                Arq. Bras. Cardiol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC (São Paulo )
                1678-4170
                June 2011
                : 96
                : 6
                : 471-476
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Brazil
                [2 ] Instituto de Pesquisa da Capacitação Física do Exército
                [3 ] Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Federal Fluminense Brazil
                Article
                S0066-782X2011000600007
                10.1590/S0066-782X2011005000048
                d1bd4d8e-db71-4c1d-8a64-3f44df631566

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0066-782X&lng=en
                Categories
                CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

                Cardiovascular Medicine
                Adiponectin,obesity,nutritional states,physical fitness,military personnel,Adiponectina,obesidad,estado nutricional,aptitud física,militares,obesidade,aptidão física

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