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      El estudio psicológico del prejuicio: Aportes del autoritarismo y la dominancia social Translated title: The psychological study of prejudice: Contributions of authoritarianism and social dominance

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          Abstract

          El prejuicio definido como una antipatía basada en una generalización inflexible y errónea, dirigida hacia un grupo como totalidad o hacia un individuo por ser miembro del mismo, ha sido considerado como un fenómeno generalizado. En este sentido, se ha demostrado que individuos que suelen presentar elevados niveles de prejuicio hacia un grupo social en particular, generalmente también manifiestan altos niveles hacia otros. Uno de los principales instrumentos que se han desarrollado para la evaluación del prejuicio generalizado ha sido el termómetro de calificaciones afectivas hacia grupos sociales, el cual presenta una estructura multifactorial compuesta por diferentes prejuicios hacia grupos considerados como peligrosos, derogados y disidentes. Diferentes estudios indican que dos rasgos de personalidad, el autoritarismo del ala de derechas y la orientación a la dominancia social, predicen diferentes formas de prejuicio. Mientras que el autoritarismo del ala de derechas expresa una motivación por mantener el orden y la seguridad grupal, siendo su correlato el prejuicio hacia grupos percibidos como peligrosos, la dominancia social refleja una motivación por el dominio y la superioridad, cuyo correlato es el prejuicio hacia grupos percibidos como derogados. Además, producto de las motivaciones subyacentes en ambas variables, predicen conjuntamente el prejuicio hacia grupos disidentes, que por un lado representan una competencia, desafiando el sostenimiento de la desigualdad social, mientras que por otro, amenazan el orden, la estabilidad y la cohesión social. Este estudio analiza las diferentes perspectivas para el estudio del fenómeno del prejuicio generalizado.

          Translated abstract

          Prejudice defined as an antipathy based on faulty and inflexible generalization, directed towards a group as a whole or to an individual as a member of it, has been considered widespread. In this sense, it has been shown that individuals who typically have high levels of prejudice towards a particular social group, usually also express high levels to others. One of the main research scale that have been developed for assessing the generalized prejudice has been the Affective Ratings Thermometer for Social Groups, which has a multifactorial structure composed of different prejudices against groups considered dangerous, derogated and dissidents. Several studies indicate that two personality traits, the right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation, predict different forms of prejudice. While the right wing authoritarianism expresses a motivation to maintain the owns group order and security, being its counterpart prejudice against dangerous groups, social dominance reflects a motivation for dominance and superiority, whose correlate is prejudice towards derogated groups. In addition, due to the underlying motivations in both variables, they jointly predict prejudice to dissident groups, which in one hand represent a competition challenging the maintenance of social inequality, while on the other hand, threats the order, stability and social cohesion. The objective of this study was to analyze the different perspectives for studying the phenomenon of generalized prejudice.

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          Most cited references30

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          Social dominance theory and the dynamics of intergroup relations: Taking stock and looking forward

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            Personality, Ideology, Prejudice, and Politics: A Dual-Process Motivational Model

            Early theorists assumed that sociopolitical or ideological attitudes were organized along a single left-right dimension and directly expressed a basic personality dimension. Empirical findings, however, did not support this and suggested that there seem to be 2 distinct ideological attitude dimensions, best captured by the constructs of right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation, which express 2 distinct sets of motivational goals or values. We outline a dual-process motivational (DPM) model of how these 2 dimensions originate from particular personality dispositions and socialized worldview beliefs and how and why their different underlying motivational goals or values generate their wide-ranging effects on social outcomes, such as prejudice and politics. We then review new research bearing on the model and conclude by noting promising directions for future research.
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              Right wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation and the dimensions of generalized prejudice

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                riics
                Revista Internacional de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales
                Rev. Int. Investig. Cienc. Soc.
                Universidad Autónoma de Asunción (Asunción, , Paraguay )
                2226-4000
                July 2016
                : 12
                : 1
                : 75-86
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameUniversidad de Flores. Argentina
                [03] orgnameUniversidad de Buenos Aires, Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, CONICET
                [01] orgnameUniversidad de Buenos Aires, Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, CONICET
                Article
                S2226-40002016000100007
                10.18004/riics.2016.julio.75-86
                d281d7f6-46f9-4220-80ab-f056b43737f4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 45, Pages: 12
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                SciELO Paraguay

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                ANALISIS

                authoritarianism,discrimination,Prejuicio,estereotipos,discriminación,autoritarismo,dominancia,Prejudice,stereotypes,dominance

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