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      Influence of Environment on Glandular Trichomes and Composition of Essential Oil of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel.

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. is a medicinal plant used in Iranian folk medicine as a pain killer. Forty-one components have been identified in P. abrotanoides samples collected from Baluchistan Province, and 29 components have been recognized in samples collected from Khorasan Province. The leaves of P. abrotanoides have glandular trichomes (capitates and peltate) on both sides of the lamina.

          Objectives:

          This study aimed to evaluate the variation of oil constituents of the plant and illustrate the glandular trichomes types and then show the influence of environment on oil constituents and glandular trichomes.

          Materials and Methods:

          The essential oil of the plant was obtained using hydrodistillation and the analysis of oils carried out using GC-MS. The anatomical analysis of leaves was done by fixing, coloring, and photoing the sections.

          Results:

          Glandular trichomes composed of capitates and peltate trichomes. The essential oil composition differs. Viridiflora and neryl acetate were not identified in yellow glandular trichomes.

          Conclusions:

          It seems that there is no relation between anatomical characteristics of the plant leaves and its essential oil composition.

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          Most cited references24

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          Gas chromatographic retention indices of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes on methyl silicon and Carbowax 20M phases

          N.W. Davies (1990)
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            The tomato odorless-2 mutant is defective in trichome-based production of diverse specialized metabolites and broad-spectrum resistance to insect herbivores.

            Guanghui Liu, Feng Shi, Stephanie Jones … (2010)
            Glandular secreting trichomes of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) produce a wide array of volatile and nonvolatile specialized metabolites. Many of these compounds contribute to the characteristic aroma of tomato foliage and constitute a key part of the language by which plants communicate with other organisms in natural environments. Here, we describe a novel recessive mutation called odorless-2 (od-2) that was identified on the basis of an altered leaf-aroma phenotype. od-2 plants exhibit pleiotrophic phenotypes, including alterations in the morphology, density, and chemical composition of glandular trichomes. Type VI glandular trichomes isolated from od-2 leaves accumulate only trace levels of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and flavonoids. Other foliar defensive compounds, including acyl sugars, glycoalkaloids, and jasmonate-regulated proteinase inhibitors, are produced in od-2 leaves. Growth of od-2 plants under natural field conditions showed that the mutant is highly susceptible to attack by an indigenous flea beetle, Epitrix cucumeris, and the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. The increased susceptibility of od-2 plants to Colorado potato beetle larvae and to the solanaceous specialist Manduca sexta was verified in no-choice bioassays. These findings indicate that Od-2 is essential for the synthesis of diverse trichome-borne compounds and further suggest that these compounds influence host plant selection and herbivore community composition under natural conditions.
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              Methods for thermal stability enhancement of leaf essential oils and their main constituents from indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum).

              Sen Cheng, Chung-Hsin Yeh, Shang-Tzen Chang … (2013)
              The thermal stability of leaf essential oils from various Cinnamomum osmophloeum and their constituents was investigated for the first time. The results indicated that trans-cinnamaldehyde (Cin) content in eugenol-free essential oil from C. osmophloeum was affected by high temperatures. The retention of Cin (RC) decreased to 17.4% after the essential oil was incubated for 8 h at 100 °C. In contrast, essential oils containing eugenol showed greater thermal stability. Seven kinds of antioxidants were added to Cin to improve its thermal stability. Among them, eugenol endowed Cin with the best thermal stability. We also investigated the influence of various amounts of eugenol on the thermal stability of both essential oil and Cin. Both essential oil and Cin showed excellent thermal stability when 0.62 and 2.60% (v/v) eugenol were added. In short, the thermal stability of essential oil and Cin could be effectively improved by adding appropriate amounts of eugenol.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod
                Journal ID (publisher-id): DOCS
                Title: Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products
                Publisher: DOCS
                ISSN (Print): 1735-7780
                ISSN (Electronic): 2228-7876
                Publication date (Electronic): 04 October 2014
                Publication date Collection: November 2014
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: e16432
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, IR Iran
                [2 ]Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Elaheh Oreizi, Department of Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9132276271, E-mail: elaheh.oreizi@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                PMC ID: 4302396
                SO-VID: d36eae96-683c-4b77-9afa-c9b30c5e6db9
                Copyright © Copyright © 2014, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; Published by DOCS.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 30 December 2013
                Date revision received : 14 May 2014
                Date accepted : 02 June 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Keywords: perovskia,glandular,trichomes,essential oil,gc-ms analysis,leaves,flower
                Data availability:
                Keywords: perovskia, glandular, trichomes, essential oil, gc-ms analysis, leaves, flower

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