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      Evaluación y análisis del índice de severidad tomográfico y clasificación de Atlanta 2012 en pancreatitis aguda severa Translated title: Evaluation and analysis of the tomographic severity index and Atlanta 2012 classification in patients with severe acute pancreatitis

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción. En el paciente con pancreatitis aguda severa, la presencia de necrosis infectada y falla multiorgánica se asocian con una mortalidad del 20-40 %. La tomografía computarizada con contraste intravenoso y la clasificación del Consenso de Atlanta 2012 son importantes herramientas de diagnóstico para el tratamiento oportuno. En esta investigación, se analizó la relación del índice de severidad tomográfico y los cambios morfológicos locales según dicha clasificación, con la estancia hospitalaria, intervención, infección y mortalidad de los pacientes. Métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva realizado entre los años 2015 y 2019, donde se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 15 años con pancreatitis aguda severa diagnosticado por tomografía computarizada con contraste, y se evaluó el índice de severidad tomográfico y los cambios morfológicos según la clasificación de Atlanta 2012, en relación con los desenlaces clínicos de los pacientes. Resultados. Se incluyeron 56 pacientes, en el 82,1 % (n=46) de los casos la causa fue litiásica. La falla orgánica fue principalmente pulmonar 53,6 % (n=30) y cardiovascular 55,4 % (n=31). Según la tomografía, se clasificó como severa (7-10 puntos) en el 91,1 % (n=51) de los pacientes. En pacientes con necrosis amurallada infectada la estancia hospitalaria media fue mayor (78,5 días); en todos los pacientes con pancreatitis severa se encontró infección y fueron sometidos a algún tipo de intervención. La mortalidad fue menor del 10 % (n=5). Discusión. El índice de severidad tomográfica para la categorización de severo se correlacionó en un 90 % con pancreatitis aguda severa. Una tomografía de control a la cuarta semana podría identificar complicaciones tardías para un manejo precoz.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction. In patients with severe acute pancreatitis, the presence of infected necrosis and multiple organ failure are associated with a mortality of 20-40%. Computed tomography with intravenous contrast and the 2012 Atlanta Consensus classification are important diagnostic tools for timely treatment. In this research, the relationship between the tomographic severity index and the local morphological changes according to that classification, with the hospital stay, intervention, infection and mortality of the patients was analyzed. Methods. Retrospective cohort study carried out between the years 2015 and 2019, which included patients older than 15 years with severe acute pancreatitis diagnosed by contrast computed tomography, the tomographic severity index and morphological changes according to the Atlanta 2012 classification were evaluated, in relationship with the clinical outcomes of the patients. Results. Fifty-six patients were included, in 82.1% (n=46) of the cases the cause was lithiasis. Organ failure was mainly pulmonary 53.6% (n=30) and cardiovascular 55.4% (n=31). According to the tomography, it was classified as severe (7-10) in 91.1% (n=51) of the patients. In patients with infected walled necrosis, the mean hospital stay was longer (78.5 days); infection was found in all patients with severe pancreatitis and they underwent some type of intervention. Mortality was less than 10% (n=5). Discussion. The tomographic severity index for the categorization of severity is 90% correlated with severe acute pancreatitis. A control tomography at the fourth week could identify late complications for early management.

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          Most cited references25

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          American College of Gastroenterology guideline: management of acute pancreatitis.

          This guideline presents recommendations for the management of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). During the past decade, there have been new understandings and developments in the diagnosis, etiology, and early and late management of the disease. As the diagnosis of AP is most often established by clinical symptoms and laboratory testing, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pancreas should be reserved for patients in whom the diagnosis is unclear or who fail to improve clinically. Hemodynamic status should be assessed immediately upon presentation and resuscitative measures begun as needed. Patients with organ failure and/or the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) should be admitted to an intensive care unit or intermediary care setting whenever possible. Aggressive hydration should be provided to all patients, unless cardiovascular and/or renal comorbidites preclude it. Early aggressive intravenous hydration is most beneficial within the first 12-24 h, and may have little benefit beyond. Patients with AP and concurrent acute cholangitis should undergo endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) within 24 h of admission. Pancreatic duct stents and/or postprocedure rectal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) suppositories should be utilized to lower the risk of severe post-ERCP pancreatitis in high-risk patients. Routine use of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with severe AP and/or sterile necrosis is not recommended. In patients with infected necrosis, antibiotics known to penetrate pancreatic necrosis may be useful in delaying intervention, thus decreasing morbidity and mortality. In mild AP, oral feedings can be started immediately if there is no nausea and vomiting. In severe AP, enteral nutrition is recommended to prevent infectious complications, whereas parenteral nutrition should be avoided. Asymptomatic pancreatic and/or extrapancreatic necrosis and/or pseudocysts do not warrant intervention regardless of size, location, and/or extension. In stable patients with infected necrosis, surgical, radiologic, and/or endoscopic drainage should be delayed, preferably for 4 weeks, to allow the development of a wall around the necrosis.
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            The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.

            Acute pancreatitis is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal causes of hospital admission in the United States. Chronic pancreatitis, although lower in incidence, significantly reduces patients' quality of life. Pancreatic cancer is associated with a high mortality rate and is one of the top 5 causes of death from cancer. The burden of pancreatic disorders is expected to increase over time. The risk and etiology of pancreatitis differ with age and sex, and all pancreatic disorders affect the black population more than any other race. Gallstones are the most common cause of acute pancreatitis, and early cholecystectomy eliminates the risk of future attacks. Alcohol continues to be the single most important risk factor for chronic pancreatitis. Smoking is an independent risk factor for acute and chronic pancreatitis, and its effects could synergize with those of alcohol. Significant risk factors for pancreatic cancer include smoking and non-O blood groups. Alcohol abstinence and smoking cessation can alter the progression of pancreatitis and reduce recurrence; smoking cessation is the most effective strategy to reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer. Copyright © 2013 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Acute pancreatitis.

              Acute pancreatitis, an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas, is the leading cause of admission to hospital for gastrointestinal disorders in the USA and many other countries. Gallstones and alcohol misuse are long-established risk factors, but several new causes have emerged that, together with new aspects of pathophysiology, improve understanding of the disorder. As incidence (and admission rates) of acute pancreatitis increase, so does the demand for effective management. We review how to manage patients with acute pancreatitis, paying attention to diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, prognostic factors, treatment, and prevention of second attacks, and the possible transition from acute to chronic pancreatitis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcci
                Revista Colombiana de Cirugía
                rev. colomb. cir.
                Asociación Colombiana de Cirugía (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                2011-7582
                2619-6107
                September 2021
                : 36
                : 3
                : 471-480
                Affiliations
                [5] Popayán Valle del Cauca orgnameUniversidad del Cauca Colombia
                [2] Popayán Valle del Cauca orgnameUniversidad del Cauca orgdiv1Departamento de Medicina Interna Colombia
                [3] Popayán orgnameHospital Susana López de Valencia Colombia
                [1] Popayán Valle del Cauca orgnameUniversidad del Cauca Colombia
                [4] Popayán Valle del Cauca orgnameUniversidad del Cauca orgdiv1Departamento de Ciencias Quirúrgicas Colombia
                Article
                S2011-75822021000300471 S2011-7582(21)03600300471
                10.30944/20117582.834
                d3baf782-789a-4759-97f7-5c8b15a075d7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 January 2021
                : 15 September 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Artículos originales

                infección,mortality,severity of illness index,tomography,infection,necrosis,complications,pancreatitis,mortalidad,tomografía

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