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      INFECÇÕES RELACIONADAS À ASSISTÊNCIA À SAÚDE E FATORES ASSOCIADOS NO PÓS-OPERATÓRIO DE TRANSPLANTE HEPÁTICO Translated title: INFECCIONES RELACIONADAS CON LA ASISTENCIA PARA LA SALUD Y FACTORES ASOCIADOS AL POSTOPERATORIO DEL TRANSPLANTE HEPÁTICO Translated title: HEALTHCARE-RELATED INFECTIONS AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED TO THE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD OF LIVER TRANSPLANTATION

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a incidência das infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde e seus fatores associados, durante o primeiro mês do pós-operatório de pacientes adultos submetidos ao transplante hepático em um hospital público de Fortaleza. Método: estudo retrospectivo, descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 53 receptores de fígado no primeiro semestre do ano de 2015. Os dados foram coletados através dos prontuários, fichas ambulatoriais e de notificação de infecções. Resultados: dos pacientes avaliados, 15 (28,3%) apresentaram infecção durante o primeiro mês, em que o mais prevalente foi a sepse clínica (n=6; 37,4%), seguida de infecção do trato respiratório (n=3; 18,8%), trato urinário (n=3;18,8%), sítio cirúrgico (n=3; 18,8%) e por último, infecção de corrente sanguínea (n=1; 6,2%). Os que apresentaram associação estatística em relação a não ocorrência de infecções foram o grupo dos pacientes casados e a indicação de cirrose por hepatite C. A média dos dias de internação no pós-operatório, o uso do imunossupressor micofenolato de mofetil e a média do uso de alguns dispositivos invasivos, foram identificados como os fatores associados à ocorrência de infecções, sendo estatisticamente significativos para p=<0,05. Conclusão: a identificação da incidência das infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde e seus fatores associados em pacientes submetidos ao transplante hepático, poderá subsidiar o direcionamento das ações de saúde, com a finalidade de diminuir a morbimortalidade associada às infecções e otimizando a recuperação desses pacientes.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la incidencia de las infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia para la salud y sus factores asociados, durante el primer mes del posoperatorio, de pacientes adultos sometidos a un trasplante hepático, en un hospital público de Fortaleza. Método: estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y con abordaje cuantitativa realizado con 53 receptores de hígado, en el primer semestre del año 2015. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de los prontuarios, fichas ambulatorias y notificación de infecciones. Resultados: de los pacientes evaluados, 15 (28,3%) presentaron infección durante el primer mes en que lo que más prevaleció fue la septicemia clínica (n=6; 37,4%), seguida por infección del tracto respiratorio (n=3; 18,8%), tracto urinario (n=3; 18,8%), sitio quirúrgico (n=3; 18,8%), y por último, infección de la corriente sanguínea (n=1; 6,2%). Los que presentaron asociación estadística en relación a la falta de ocurrencia de infecciones fue el grupo de los pacientes casados y la indicación de cirrosis por hepatitis C. El promedio de días de internación en el postoperatorio, el uso del inmunosupresor micofenolato de mofetil y el promedio del uso de algunos dispositivos invasivos fueron identificados como los factores asociados con la ocurrencia de infecciones, siendo, estadísticamente, significativos para p=<0,05. Conclusión: la identificación de la incidencia de las infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia para la salud y sus factores asociados en pacientes sometidos al trasplante hepático podrá subsidiar el direccionamiento de las acciones de salud, con la finalidad de disminuir la morbimortalidad asociada con las infecciones y optimizando la recuperación de esos pacientes.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the incidence of healthcare-related infections and their associated factors, during the first postoperative month of adult patients subjected to a liver transplant in a public hospital of Fortaleza. Method: retrospective, descriptive study with a quantitative approach, performed with 53 liver receptors in the first semester of 2015. The data were collected through medical records, outpatient records and notification of infections. Results: of the patients assessed, 15 (28.3%) presented infection during the first month, with the most prevalent being clinical sepsis (n=6; 37.4%), followed by respiratory tract infection (n=3; 18.8%), urinary tract (n=3, 18.8%), surgical site (n=3, 18.8%), and bloodstream infection (n=1, 6.2%). Those who presented statistical association in relation to the non-occurrence of infections were the group of married patients and the indication of cirrhosis due to hepatitis C. The average number of days of postoperative hospitalization, the use of mycophenolate mofetil immunosuppressant and the average use of some invasive devices were identified as the factors associated with the occurrence of infections, being statistically significant for p=<0.05. Conclusion: the identification of the incidence of healthcare-related infections and their associated factors in patients undergoing a liver transplant may support health actions in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with infections and optimize the recovery of these patients.

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          Mortality associated with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in liver transplant recipients.

          Resistant bacterial infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation (LT). This was a retrospective cohort study evaluating the outcomes associated with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections after LT. In a 2005-2006 cohort of 175 consecutive LT recipients, 91 infection episodes were observed in 61 patients (35%). The mortality rate 1 year after LT was 18% (32/175). Enterococcus (43%) and Klebsiella species (37%) were the most frequently isolated bacteria. CRKP infections occurred in 14 patients, and 10 of these patients (71%) died. Seven of these deaths occurred within 30 days of the CRKP infection. The median time to the onset of CRKP infections was 12 days (range = 1-126 days) after LT. The survival rate was significantly lower for patients with a CRKP infection versus patients without a CRKP infection (29% versus 86%, log-rank P < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, the only pre-LT and post-LT clinical variables significantly associated with death were a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score ≥ 30 (hazard ratio = 3.4, P = 0.04) and a post-LT CRKP infection (hazard ratio = 4.9, P = 0.007). In conclusion, the outcomes associated with CRKP infections in LT recipients are poor. Because the optimal treatment strategies for CRKP infections remain undefined, improved preventive strategies are needed to curtail the devastating impact of CRKP in LT recipients.
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            Bacterial urinary tract infection after solid organ transplantation in the RESITRA cohort.

            Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common infection in renal transplant patients, but it is necessary to determine the risk factors for bacterial UTI in recipients of other solid organ transplants (SOTs), as well as changes in etiology, clinical presentation, and prognosis. In total, 4388 SOT recipients were monitored in 16 transplant centers belonging to the Spanish Network for Research on Infection in Transplantation (RESITRA). The frequency and characteristics of bacterial UTI in transplant patients were obtained prospectively from the cohort (September 2003 to February 2005). A total of 192 patients (4.4%) presented 249 episodes of bacterial UTI (0.23 episodes per 1000 transplantation days); 156 patients were kidney or kidney-pancreas transplant recipients, and 36 patients were liver, heart, and lung transplant recipients. The highest frequency was observed in renal transplants (7.3%). High frequency of cystitis versus pyelonephritis without related mortality was observed in both groups. The most frequent etiology was Escherichia coli (57.8%), with 25.7% producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). In all transplants but renal, most cases occurred in the first month after transplantation. Cases were uniformly distributed during the first 6 months after transplantation in renal recipients. Age (odds ratio [OR] per decade 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.17), female gender (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.42-2.13), and the need for immediate post-transplant dialysis (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.29-2.05) were independent variables associated with bacterial UTI in renal and kidney-pancreas recipients. The independent risk factors identified in non-renal transplants were age (OR per decade 1.79, 95% CI 1.09-3.48), female gender (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.43-2.49), and diabetes (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.001-1.040). UTI was frequent in renal transplants, but also not unusual in non-renal transplants. Because E. coli continues to be the most frequent etiology, the emergence of ESBL-producing strains has been identified as a new problem. In both populations, most cases were cystitis without related mortality. Although the first month after transplantation was a risk period in all transplants, cases were uniformly distributed during the first 6 months in renal transplants. Age and female gender were identified as risk factors for UTI in both populations. Other particular risk factors were the need for immediate post-transplant dialysis in renal transplants and diabetes in non-renal transplants. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
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              Surgical Site Infection after Renal Transplantation

              To identify factors associated with the development of surgical site infection (SSI) among adult patients undergoing renal transplantation A retrospective cohort study An urban tertiary care center in Baltimore, Maryland, with a well-established renal transplantation program that performs ~200–250renal transplant procedures annually At total of 441 adult patients underwent renal transplantation between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2011. Of these 441patients, 66 (15%) developed an SSI; of these 66, 31 (47%) were superficial incisional infections and 35 (53%) were deep-incisional or organ-space infections. The average body mass index (BMI) among this patient cohort was 29.7; 84 (42%) were obese (BMI >30). Patients who developed an SSI had a greater mean BMI (31.7 vs 29.4; P =.004) and were more likely to have a history of peripheral vascular disease, rheumatologic disease, and narcotic abuse. History of cerebral vascular disease was protective. Multivariate analysis showed BMI (odds ratio [OR] 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.11) and past history of narcotic use/abuse (OR, 4.86; 95% CI, 1.24–19.12) to be significantly associated with development of SSI after controlling for National Healthcare Surveillance Network (NHSN) score and presence of cerebrovascular, peripheral vascular, and rheumatologic disease. We identified higher BMI as a risk factor for the development of SSI following renal transplantation. Notably, neither aggregate comorbidity scores nor NHSN risk index were associated with SSI in this population. Additional risk adjustment measures and research in this area are needed to compare SSIs across transplant centers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–7
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                tce
                Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem
                Texto contexto - enferm.
                Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem (, SC, Brazil )
                0104-0707
                1980-265X
                2018
                : 27
                : 3
                : e2150017
                Affiliations
                [6] Fortaleza Ceará orgnameUniversidade Federal do Ceará orgdiv1Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio orgdiv2Programa de Residência Multiprofissional Brazil larabonates@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                [3] Fortaleza Ceará orgnameUniversidade Federal do Ceará Brazil franciscabeserra@ 123456hotmail.com
                [1] Fortaleza Ceará orgnameUniversidade Federal do Ceará orgdiv1Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio orgdiv2Programa de Residência Multiprofissional Brazil nataliavesco@ 123456gmail.com
                [4] Fortaleza Ceará orgnameUniversidade Federal do Ceará orgdiv1Departamento de Enfermagem Brazil isis_aguiar@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                [5] Fortaleza Ceará orgnameUniversidade Federal do Ceará Brazil naianapacifico@ 123456outlook.com
                [2] Fortaleza Ceará orgnameHospital São José de Doenças Infecciosas Brasil luciana.vladia@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                S0104-07072018000300301 S0104-0707(18)02700300301
                10.1590/0104-070720180002150017
                d3d099f9-612c-4934-8faf-f5fa38f33e2a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 October 2017
                : 10 April 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Brazil


                Fatores de risco,Infecção hospitalar,Liver transplant,Infection control,Epidemiology,Risk factors,Infección hospitalaria,Factores de riesgo,Hospital infection,Transplante hepático,Epidemiologia,Control de infecciones,Controle de infecções

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