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      Características clínicas y laboratoriales de pacientes adultos ambulatorios con Chikungunya del Hospital Nacional de Itauguá de Paraguay durante la epidemia 2022-2023 Translated title: Clinical and laboratory characteristics of adult ambulatory patients with Chikungunya at the National Hospital of Itauguá in Paraguay during the 2022-2023 epidemic

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: La infección aguda por chikungunya produce una infección auto-limitada caracterizada principalmente por fiebre alta, artralgias, artritis, cefalea, mialgias y exantema pruriginoso; una minoría presenta síntomas persistentes que puede evolucionar a la cronicidad. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas y laboratoriales de pacientes adultos ambulatorios con chikungunya en un hospital de referencia durante la epidemia del 2022-2023 en Paraguay. Metodología: estudio descriptivo de corte trasversal de pacientes adultos con chikungunya que consultaron en el Hospital Nacional de Itauguá entre enero-marzo de 2023. Resultados: Se incluyeron 140 pacientes entre 19 y 79 años (edad media: 46,6±13,6), 77,9 % del sexo femenino y 89,3 % del departamento Central. El 72,9 % de los pacientes fueron confirmados por RT-PCR y el resto por la serología o nexo epidemiológico. El 48,6 % tenía alguna comorbilidad, el 65% se encontraba en la fase aguda, y el resto en la fase subaguda (35 %). Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron la poliartralgia (96,4 %); artritis (98,6 %), fiebre (95,7 %), astenia (100 %), mialgias (96,4 %), cefalea (82,9 %), exantema (95 %). Los síntomas gastrointestinales fueron menos frecuentes; náuseas (37 %), vómitos (15,7 %) y diarrea (20 %). Entre los principales hallazgos laboratoriales se encontraron la proteína C reactiva aumentada (45,7 %), leucopenia (23,6 %), eritrosedimentación aumentada (27,9 %), citólisis hepática leve (13,6 %). Todos fueron tratados con paracetamol; el 60,4 % y el 87,8 % de los pacientes en fase aguda y subaguda recibieron AINES, respectivamente. Discusión: La combinación de fiebre alta y artralgia severa fue el rasgo característico de la infección por el virus chikungunya en la epidemia en Paraguay.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute infection by chikungunya produces a self-limited infection characterized mainly by high fever, arthralgia, arthritis, headache, myalgia and pruritic rash; a minority presents persistent symptoms that can evolve to chronicity. Objective: to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of adult ambulatory patients with chikungunya at a referral hospital during the 2022-2023 epidemic in Paraguay. Method: descriptive cross-sectional study of adult patients with chikungunya infection who consulted at the Hospital National de Itauguá between January-March 2023. Results: 140 patients between 19 and 79 years old (mean age: 46.6 ± 13.6), 77.9% female and 89.3% from the Central department, were included. 72.9% of the patients were confirmed by RT-PCR and the rest by serology or epidemiological nexus. 48.6% had some comorbidity, 65% were in the acute phase, and the rest in the subacute phase (35%). The most frequent symptoms were polyarthralgia (96.4%); arthritis (98.6%), fever (95.7%), fatigue (100%), myalgia (96.4%), headache (82.9%), rash (95%). Gastrointestinal symptoms were less frequent such as; nausea (37%), vomiting (15.7%) and diarrhea (20%). Increased C-reactive protein (45.7%), leukopenia (23.6%), increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (27.9%), and mild hepatic cytolysis (13.6%) were among the main laboratory findings. All patients were treated with paracetamol; 60.4% and 87.8% of the patients in the acute and subacute phase, respectively, received NSAIDs. Discussion: The combination of high fever and severe arthralgia can be considered the characteristic feature of chikungunya virus infection in this epidemic.

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          Most cited references20

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          Outbreak of chikungunya on Reunion Island: early clinical and laboratory features in 157 adult patients.

          Chikungunya is a reemerging disease. In 2005-2006, a severe outbreak occurred on Reunion Island in the southwestern part of the Indian Ocean. Other islands in this area were affected during the same period. Adult patients with acute chikungunya (defined as onset of fever and/or polyarthralgia in the 5 days preceding consultation) and laboratory-confirmed chikungunya who were referred to Groupe Hospitalier Sud Reunion during the period from March 2005 through April 2006 were included in this retrospective study. Their clinical and laboratory features are reported. Laboratory-confirmed acute chikungunya was documented in 157 patients. The mean age of patients was 57.9 years, and the ratio of male to female patients was 1.24 : 1. Sixty percent of patients had at least 1 comorbidity. Ninety-seven patients (61.8%) were hospitalized, and 60 (38.2%) were treated as outpatients. Five fatalities were reported. One hundred fifty-one patients (96.1%) experienced polyarthralgia, and 129 (89%) experienced fever. Gastrointestinal symptoms were reported by 74 patients (47.1%), and skin rash was reported by 63 (40.1%). Hemorrhagic signs were rare. Lymphopenia and hypocalcemia were the prominent laboratory findings. Severe thrombocytopenia was rarely observed. Chikungunya virus can be responsible for explosive outbreaks of disease. Polyarthralgia and fever are the 2 main clinical features. In this era of travel and globalization, chikungunya should be considered in the differential diagnosis of febrile polyarthralgia with an abrupt onset.
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            Chikungunya virus: epidemiology, replication, disease mechanisms, and prospective intervention strategies.

            Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a reemerging arbovirus, causes a crippling musculoskeletal inflammatory disease in humans characterized by fever, polyarthralgia, myalgia, rash, and headache. CHIKV is transmitted by Aedes species of mosquitoes and is capable of an epidemic, urban transmission cycle with high rates of infection. Since 2004, CHIKV has spread to new areas, causing disease on a global scale, and the potential for CHIKV epidemics remains high. Although CHIKV has caused millions of cases of disease and significant economic burden in affected areas, no licensed vaccines or antiviral therapies are available. In this Review, we describe CHIKV epidemiology, replication cycle, pathogenesis and host immune responses, and prospects for effective vaccines and highlight important questions for future research.
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              Chikungunya fever: Epidemiology, clinical syndrome, pathogenesis and therapy

              Highlights • Chikungunya fever is caused by a mosquito-borne alphavirus originating in East Africa. • During the past 7 years, the disease has spread to islands of the Indian Ocean, Asia and Europe. • Its spread has been facilitated by a mutation favouring replication in the mosquito Ae. albopictus. • No vaccines or antiviral drugs are available to prevent or treat chikungunya fever. • This paper provides an extensive review of the virus and disease, including Supplementary Tables.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                mcs
                Medicina clínica y social
                Med. clín. soc.
                Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Filial de Santa Rosa del Aguaray, Cátedra de Socioantropología (Santa Rosa del Aguaray, , Paraguay )
                2521-2281
                December 2023
                : 7
                : 3
                : 161-167
                Affiliations
                [1] Itauguá orgnameMinisterio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social orgdiv1Hospital Nacional Paraguay
                [2] Asunción Asunción orgnameUniversidad del Pacífico Paraguay
                Article
                S2521-22812023000300161 S2521-2281(23)00700300161
                10.52379/mcs.v7i3.322
                d3d31563-ff6a-4c75-955c-3493ed62a4d3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 August 2023
                : 01 July 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Paraguay

                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                Chikungunya,SARS-COV2,Paraguay,Cadena de transmisión,Arthralgia,arbovirus

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