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      Effects of bowel cleansing on the intestinal microbiota

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          Abstract

          An adequate bowel cleansing is essential for a successful colonoscopy. Although purgative consumption is safe for the patient, there is little consensus on how the intestinal microbiota is affected by the procedure, especially regarding the potential long-term consequences.

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          KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes.

          M Kanehisa (2000)
          KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a knowledge base for systematic analysis of gene functions, linking genomic information with higher order functional information. The genomic information is stored in the GENES database, which is a collection of gene catalogs for all the completely sequenced genomes and some partial genomes with up-to-date annotation of gene functions. The higher order functional information is stored in the PATHWAY database, which contains graphical representations of cellular processes, such as metabolism, membrane transport, signal transduction and cell cycle. The PATHWAY database is supplemented by a set of ortholog group tables for the information about conserved subpathways (pathway motifs), which are often encoded by positionally coupled genes on the chromosome and which are especially useful in predicting gene functions. A third database in KEGG is LIGAND for the information about chemical compounds, enzyme molecules and enzymatic reactions. KEGG provides Java graphics tools for browsing genome maps, comparing two genome maps and manipulating expression maps, as well as computational tools for sequence comparison, graph comparison and path computation. The KEGG databases are daily updated and made freely available (http://www. genome.ad.jp/kegg/).
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            QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data.

            J. Gregory Caporaso, Justin Kuczynski, Jesse Stombaugh … (2010)
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              Is Open Access

              Structure, Function and Diversity of the Healthy Human Microbiome

              Tatiana Vishnivetskaya, Jeroen Raes (2014)
              Studies of the human microbiome have revealed that even healthy individuals differ remarkably in the microbes that occupy habitats such as the gut, skin, and vagina. Much of this diversity remains unexplained, although diet, environment, host genetics, and early microbial exposure have all been implicated. Accordingly, to characterize the ecology of human-associated microbial communities, the Human Microbiome Project has analyzed the largest cohort and set of distinct, clinically relevant body habitats to date. We found the diversity and abundance of each habitat’s signature microbes to vary widely even among healthy subjects, with strong niche specialization both within and among individuals. The project encountered an estimated 81–99% of the genera, enzyme families, and community configurations occupied by the healthy Western microbiome. Metagenomic carriage of metabolic pathways was stable among individuals despite variation in community structure, and ethnic/racial background proved to be one of the strongest associations of both pathways and microbes with clinical metadata. These results thus delineate the range of structural and functional configurations normal in the microbial communities of a healthy population, enabling future characterization of the epidemiology, ecology, and translational applications of the human microbiome.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Gut
                Abbreviated Title: Gut
                Publisher: BMJ
                ISSN (Print): 0017-5749
                ISSN (Electronic): 1468-3288
                Publication date Created: September 08 2015
                Publication date Created: October 2015
                Publication date (Print): October 2015
                Publication date (Electronic): December 19 2014
                Volume: 64
                Issue: 10
                Pages: 1562-1568
                Article
                DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307240
                PubMed ID: 25527456
                SO-VID: d3fdab48-cc09-4285-85f5-81ad3706bd0e
                Copyright © © 2014
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