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      Efecto de la aplicación foliar de calcio sobre algunos atributos de calidad en frutos de melón

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          Abstract

          La fertilización foliar puede constituir una importante práctica agronómica para incrementar la concentración de calcio de los frutos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la utilización de algunos fertilizantes cálcicos en aspersión foliar, en diferentes ambientes, sobre la calidad de frutos de melón. Los experimentos de campo fueron realizados en cinco localidades en la región central de la Argentina (Colón, Coronda, Ángel Gallardo, Esperanza y Media Agua) durante el período 2009-2010. Las soluciones cálcicas fueron aplicadas en cinco oportunidades, desde el inicio de la fructificación, con una frecuencia semanal entre aplicaciones. Los tratamientos fueron: i) testigo sin fertilizar; ii) nitrato de calcio (3 g L-1); iii) EDTA Cálcico Amónico (5 cm³ L-1) y calcio orgánico (40 cm³ L-1). Las mediciones realizadas en los frutos luego de la cosecha fueron: Firmeza Interna (IF) y Externa (EF) (kg), Concentración de Sólidos Solubles (SSC) (%), Peso de los Frutos (W) (kg) y concentración de calcio en la corteza y pulpa (%). Excepto para Media Agua, la aplicación de nitrato de calcio permitió obtener, en promedio, incrementos de la IF y EF de 40% y 60% respectivamente, en comparación con el tratamiento testigo. Los tratamientos con soluciones cálcicas no incrementaron el SSC y W de los frutos. A excepción de Media Agua, en las otras localidades se incrementó el contenido de calcio en la corteza. Estos resultados indicarían que el uso de fertilizantes cálcicos foliares puede mejorar la calidad de los frutos de melón, aunque dependiendo de las condiciones ambientales de la localidad.

          Translated abstract

          Foliar fertilization plays an important role in increasing the calcium content of certain fruits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of some calcium fertilizers in different environments over melon quality and yield. The field experiments were conducted at five towns located in the central region of Argentina (Colón, Coronda, Angel Gallardo, Esperanza and Media Agua) during the 2009-2010 production season. Foliar sprays with calcium solutions were applied on five different occasions at the start of fruiting, with an approximate frequency of one application per week. The treatments were: i) control (no fertilizers); ii) calcium nitrate (3 g L-1); iii) calcium ammonium EDTA (5 cm³ L-1) and organic calcium (40 cm³ L-1). In fruits, the measurements taken after harvest were: Internal (IF) and External Flesh Firmness (EF) (kg), Soluble Solid Concentration (SSC) (%), Fruit Weight (W) (kg) and calcium content in rind and pulp (%). Except for the Media Agua locality, the application of calcium nitrate increased the IF and the EF in 40% and 60%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. Treatments with calcium solutions did not increase the SSC and the W of fruit. With the exception of Media Agua, in the other localities it was possible to observe an increase in the rind calcium content. These results indicate that the effect of calcium foliar fertilizers may represent an improvement in the fruit quality of melon, though dependent on local environmental conditions.

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          Most cited references21

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          Calcium translocation to fleshy fruit: its mechanism and endogenous control

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            Official methods of analysis of AOAC international

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              The Role of beta-Galactosidases in the Modification of Cell Wall Components during Muskmelon Fruit Ripening.

              The changes in activities of soluble beta-galactosidase and two forms of wall-bound beta-galactosidases extracted with NaCl and EDTA were investigated throughout the development of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. cv Prince) fruits. DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography of soluble beta-galactosidase revealed the presence of two isoforms. Soluble isoform I was detected in all stages throughout the fruit development, whereas soluble isoform II appeared around 34 d after anthesis when fruit ripening initiated. Both NaCl- and EDTA-released beta-galactosidase activities also increased as ripening proceeded. The soluble and wall-bound forms behaved differently upon ion-exchange chromatography. Enzymological properties such as optimum pH, optimum temperature, K(m) values for p-nitrophenyl beta-d-galactopyranoside, and inhibition by metal ions were nearly similar in all forms. Molecular sizes of pectic polymers and hemicelluloses extracted from fruit mesocarp cell walls were shifted from larger to smaller polymers during ripening, as determined by gel filtration profiles. NaCl-released beta-galactosidase from cell walls of ripe fruits had the ability to degrade in vitro the pectin extracted from preripe fruit cell walls to smaller sizes of pectin similar to those that were observed in ripe cell walls in situ. Both soluble isoform I and II were able to degrade in vitro the 5% KOH-extractable hemicellulose from preripe fruit cell walls to sizes of molecules similar to those that were observed in ripe cell walls in situ. Soluble isoform I and the NaCl-released form from ripe fruits were able to modify in vitro 24% KOH-extractable hemicellulose from preripe cell walls to sizes of molecules similar to those that were observed in ripe fruits in situ.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ria
                RIA. Revista de investigaciones agropecuarias
                RIA. Rev. investig. agropecu.
                Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA) (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, , Argentina )
                1669-2314
                December 2012
                : 38
                : 3
                : 257-262
                Affiliations
                [01] Esperanza Santa Fe orgnameUniversidad Nacional del Litoral orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias orgdiv2Departamento de Producción Vegetal Argentina
                [02] Sarmiento San Juan orgnameINTA orgdiv1EEA Pocito orgdiv2AER Media Agua
                Article
                S1669-23142012000300009 S1669-2314(12)03800300009
                d4dc9994-872a-46ee-afd6-23003b59e42a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 October 2011
                : 06 July 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Categories
                Artículos

                Cucumis melo L,Concentración de sólidos solubles,Firmeza de fruto,Fertilización foliar,Foliar fertilization,Fruit firmness,Soluble solid concentration

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