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      La enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico: Su prevalencia en dos muestras de población Venezolana con referencia a la presencia de alteraciones endoscópicas y al valor de la biopsia esofágica en el diagnóstico de esta condición

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      Sociedad Venezolana de Gastroentereología

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          Abstract

          El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue contribuir a determinar la prevalencia de la Enfermedad por Reflujo Gastroesofágico (ERGE) en nuestro país, y sus objetivos secundarios fueron la determinación del valor de la endoscopia y la biopsia de esófago en el diagnóstico de esta afección.Se implementaron dos métodos: la distribución de un cuestionario validado con elementos clínicos utilizados para eldiagnóstico de ERGE entre 337 personas, de 20 a 69 años, con una edad media de 50,9, 62,84% mujeres (grupo A) y un análisis prospectivo de 335 sujetos, de 15 a 92 años, con una edad media de 50,6, 55,49% mujeres; estudiados minuciosamente mediante historia clínica, esofagogastroduodenoscopia y biopsia de esófago (Grupo B). Se encontró que una proporción considerable de los sujetos evaluados presentaron síntomas de reflujo gastroesofágico (RGE), 65,01%en el Grupo A, 62,08% en el Grupo B, y que de 335 personas en el grupo A, 39,62% presentaron síntomas al menos una vez al mes, 19,81% por lo menos una vez a la semana y 8,57% todos los días. No se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los diferentes grupos de edad. La ERGE parece afectar por igual a todos los estratos de los sujetos objeto de este estudio. Similar a lo que se ha encontrado en otras muestras, la proporción de pacientes con enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico no erosiva fue superior a los que presentan enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico erosiva (82,70% contra 17,30%). 10% de los sujetos con hallazgos endoscópicos de esofagitis erosiva fueron asintomáticos para RGE. En el Grupo A, sólo 39,52% de los individuos con síntomas de RGE consultó a un médico por este motivo y 55,23% tomaba medicamentos, principal-mente antiácidos, sin prescripción médica. Sólo 39,90% del Grupo B asistieron a consulta por este motivo. Esto significa que aproximadamente 60% de los sujetos con síntomas de RGE no buscan atención médica, aunque, cuando los síntomas fueron más frecuentes y se hicieron presentes a diario,2/3 de los pacientes buscaron asistencia médica. Como se ha descrito en otras partes, se constató que los hallazgos endoscópicos de esofagitis erosiva, presentes en una alta proporción de individuos sin síntomas de ERGE, son buenos indicadores para el diagnóstico de la ERGE, pero los resultados de la biopsia, incluso cuando eran muy sensibles(87,50%), carecían de la suficiente especificidad (13, 38%).

          Translated abstract

          The primary objective of this paper was to contribute to determine the prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in our country, and its secondary goals were the determination of the value of conventional endoscopy and biopsy of the esophagus in the diagnosis of this condition. Two strategies were implemented: the distribution of a validated questionnaire with clinical elements used for the diagnosis of GERD b)etween 337 persons, (20-69 years old, mean age 50,9, 62,84% women (Group A) and a prospective analysis of 335 subjects (15-92 years old, mean age 50.6, 55.49% women, studied with a careful clinical record, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and biopsy of the esophagus (Group B). It was found that a considerable proportion of the subjects evaluated had symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GER), (65.01% in Group A, 62.08% in Group B), and that of 335 persons in Group A, 39.62% had symptoms at least one a month, 19.81% al least one a week and 8.57% every day. There was not a significant statistical difference between different groups of age. GERD seems to affect equally all the stratus of the subjects object of this study. Similar to what has been found in other series, the proportion of patients with non erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease was superior to the ones with erosive disease (82.70% vs 17.30%). 10% of subjects with endoscopic findings of erosive esophagitis were asymptomatic for GER. In Group A, only 39.52% of individuals with symptoms of GER visited a physician for this reason, and 55.23% took medications (mainly antacids) without a medical prescription. Only 39.90% from Group B consulted for this reason. It means that approximately 60% of subjects with symptoms of GER do not seek medical attention, although when the symptoms were more frequent and became present daily, 2/3 of the patients sought medical help. As it has been reported elsewhere, it was found that the endoscopic findings of erosive esophagitis are good indicators for a diagnosis of GERD, but the biopsy results even when they were quite sensitive (87,50%) , lacked of enough specificity (13,38%) , been present in a high proportion of individuals without symptoms of GERD.

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          Most cited references126

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          Symptoms in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

          Symptomatology was evaluated in 304 patients referred for 24 h oesophageal pH monitoring. Of several symptoms thought to be related to gastrooesophageal reflux disease (GORD), only heartburn (68% vs 48%) and acid regurgitation (60% vs 48%) occurred in more of the patients with GORD (as determined by pH monitoring) than of those with normal pH monitoring. When heartburn or acid regurgitation clearly dominated the patient's complaints, they had very high specificity (89% and 95%, respectively) but low sensitivity (38% and 6%) for GORD. A third of the patients reported such inconclusive symptomatology at history-taking that no preliminary diagnosis about the presence or absence of GORD could be made. In the remaining 200 patients, a clinical diagnosis by history had a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 60%. A discriminant analysis of symptoms was inferior to a history taken by an experienced gastroenterologist.
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            Well-being and gastrointestinal symptoms among patients referred to endoscopy owing to suspected duodenal ulcer.

            Few studies have evaluated quality of of life (QoL) in patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases, and there is a lack of validated measures for use in gastroenterology. The applicability and relevance of self-administered questionnaires such as the Psychological General Well-Being (PGWB) index and the Gastrointestinal Symptoms referred to endoscopy because of suspected duodenal ulcer were evaluated. In total, 1526 patients with suspected duodenal ulcer were screened for inclusion in a clinical study. On the basis of medical history and endoscopy, 1424 patients who completed the questionnaire before endoscopy were classified in five diagnostic groups: oesophagitis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, negative endoscopy, and gastritis duodenitis. Irrespective of diagnosis, all patient groups reported a considerable decrease in their general well-being (mean score, 85, compared with 105 in healthy populations) with no significant differences between the groups. The results of the GSRS, however, showed statistically significant differences between the groups in dimensions depicting Abdominal pain, Reflux, Indigestion, and Diarrhoea Syndrome. The results of the study showed that, irrespective of endoscopic findings, patients complaining of upper gastrointestinal symptoms have a low degree of general well-being. The symptoms profiles in the different diagnostic groups vary considerably.
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              The impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease on health-related quality of life.

              Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects health-related quality of life. We enrolled 533 adults with a history of heartburn symptoms for at least 6 months of moderate to severe heartburn in 4 of the 7 days before study entry. Patients were treated with ranitidine 150 mg twice a day for 6 weeks and Gelusil antacid tablets as needed. We measured physician-rated symptoms and the Medical Outcomes Study short-form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment. Baseline results were compared with normative data for the US population and for patients with selected chronic diseases. Treatment response was defined as no episode of moderate to severe heartburn for 7 days. Statistical significance was set at P <0.001. GERD patients reported significantly worse scores on all 8 SF-36 scales, physical function and well-being, and emotional well-being compared with the general population. Patients with GERD reported worse emotional well-being than patients with diabetes or hypertension. Treatment responders demonstrated significantly less pain and better physical function, social function, vitality, and emotional well-being compared with nonresponders. Patients with GERD experience decrements in health-related quality of life compared with the general population. The impact of GERD is most striking on measures of pain, mental health, and social function. Successful treatment for GERD results in improvements in health-related quality of life.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                gen
                Gen
                Gen
                Sociedad Venezolana de Gastroentereología (Caracas )
                0016-3503
                September 2010
                : 64
                : 3
                : 190-199
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Hospital de Clínicas Caracas Venezuela
                Article
                S0016-35032010000300009
                d4ec6c1f-bc0f-4038-83de-334cfb15dc0b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0016-3503&lng=en

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