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      Review: nanocelluloses as versatile supports for metal nanoparticles and their applications in catalysis

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      Publication date (Print):
      Journal: Green Chemistry
      Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

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          Abstract

          Nanocellulose has recently been intensely studied a support for metal nanoparticles with special attention to applications in catalysis. This emerging field is reviewed therein.

          Abstract

          Nanocelluloses, derived from the biopolymer cellulose, are a class of sustainable functional nanomaterials featuring exciting properties. They have been extensively researched as key components in the design of super capacitors, pH-responsive reversible flocculants, aerogels, sensors, pharmaceuticals, chiral materials and catalysts. This review will focus on the applications of nanocelluloses in catalysis. The first part illustrates their use as support, stabilizer and/or reducing agent in the synthesis of various metal nanoparticle. Subsequently, the applications of these metal-hybrid nanocellulose composites in catalysis are reviewed. Finally, catalysis involving nanocelluloses, without the use of metal nanoparticles, is reviewed.

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          Review of recent research into cellulosic whiskers, their properties and their application in nanocomposite field.

          My Ahmed Said Azizi Samir, Fannie Alloin, Alain Dufresne (2005)
          There are numerous examples where animals or plants synthesize extracellular high-performance skeletal biocomposites consisting of a matrix reinforced by fibrous biopolymers. Cellulose, the world's most abundant natural, renewable, biodegradable polymer, is a classical example of these reinforcing elements, which occur as whisker-like microfibrils that are biosynthesized and deposited in a continuous fashion. In many cases, this mode of biogenesis leads to crystalline microfibrils that are almost defect-free, with the consequence of axial physical properties approaching those of perfect crystals. This quite "primitive" polymer can be used to create high performance nanocomposites presenting outstanding properties. This reinforcing capability results from the intrinsic chemical nature of cellulose and from its hierarchical structure. Aqueous suspensions of cellulose crystallites can be prepared by acid hydrolysis of cellulose. The object of this treatment is to dissolve away regions of low lateral order so that the water-insoluble, highly crystalline residue may be converted into a stable suspension by subsequent vigorous mechanical shearing action. During the past decade, many works have been devoted to mimic biocomposites by blending cellulose whiskers from different sources with polymer matrixes.
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            Nanoparticles as recyclable catalysts: the frontier between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.

            Didier Astruc, Feng Lu, Jaime Ruiz Aranzaes (2005)
            Interest in catalysis by metal nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing dramatically, as reflected by the large number of publications in the last five years. This field, "semi-heterogeneous catalysis", is at the frontier between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, and progress has been made in the efficiency and selectivity of reactions and recovery and recyclability of the catalytic materials. Usually NP catalysts are prepared from a metal salt, a reducing agent, and a stabilizer and are supported on an oxide, charcoal, or a zeolite. Besides the polymers and oxides that used to be employed as standard, innovative stabilizers, media, and supports have appeared, such as dendrimers, specific ligands, ionic liquids, surfactants, membranes, carbon nanotubes, and a variety of oxides. Ligand-free procedures have provided remarkable results with extremely low metal loading. The Review presents the recent developments and the use of NP catalysis in organic synthesis, for example, in hydrogenation and C--C coupling reactions, and the heterogeneous oxidation of CO on gold NPs.
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              Key advances in the chemical modification of nanocelluloses.

              Youssef Habibi (2014)
              Nanocelluloses, including nanocrystalline cellulose, nanofibrillated cellulose and bacterial cellulose nanofibers, have become fascinating building blocks for the design of new biomaterials. Derived from the must abundant and renewable biopolymer, they are drawing a tremendous level of attention, which certainly will continue to grow in the future driven by the sustainability trend. This growing interest is related to their unsurpassed quintessential physical and chemical properties. Yet, owing to their hydrophilic nature, their utilization is restricted to applications involving hydrophilic or polar media, which limits their exploitation. With the presence of a large number of chemical functionalities within their structure, these building blocks provide a unique platform for significant surface modification through various chemistries. These chemical modifications are prerequisite, sometimes unavoidable, to adapt the interfacial properties of nanocellulose substrates or adjust their hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance. Therefore, various chemistries have been developed aiming to surface-modify these nano-sized substrates in order to confer to them specific properties, extending therefore their use to highly sophisticated applications. This review collocates current knowledge in the research and development of nanocelluloses and emphasizes more particularly on the chemical modification routes developed so far for their functionalization.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): GRCHFJ
                Title: Green Chemistry
                Abbreviated Title: Green Chem.
                Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                ISSN (Print): 1463-9262
                ISSN (Electronic): 1463-9270
                Publication date Created: 2016
                Publication date (Print): 2016
                Volume: 18
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 622-637
                Article
                DOI: 10.1039/C5GC02500A
                SO-VID: d520595c-5659-47bc-acca-da0cfa6689f8
                Copyright © © 2016
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