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      Eficiência de Metarhizium anisopliae no controle do Percevejo-do-Colmo Tibraca limbativentris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) em lavoura de arroz irrigado Translated title: Efficiency of Metarhizium anisopliae on rice stem bug Tibraca limbativentris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) control in flooded rice field

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          Abstract

          O percevejo-do-colmo, Tibraca limbativentris Stal, 1860 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), é altamente prejudicial à cultura do arroz no Brasil, principalmente em sistemas de cultivo irrigados por inundação. O efeito de duas formas de aplicação, conídios em suspensão e veiculados em grãos de arroz autoclavado, da cepa (CP) 172 de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok., no controle do percevejo, foi avaliado em três experimentos conduzidos em 1991, 1993 e 1994, em lavoura comercial de arroz irrigado. Em 1991, tanto a pulverização de conídios como a distribuição manual grãos de arroz cobertos com material fúngico em dosagem equivalente a 7,2 x 10(13) conídios.ha-1, sobre o solo e entre os colmos de arroz, onde os percevejos estavam alojados, reduziram significativamente a população natural do inseto com eficiência de controle de 52,6% e 61,8%, respectivamente. Ainda em 1991, estudo sobre o estabelecimento e persistência da cepa no solo do arrozal, com base na contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC), indicou que o fungo manteve-se viável na entressafra, até 216 dias após a aplicação, época da implantação de novos arrozais. O número de UFC foi maior nas parcelas tratadas com os grãos de arroz cobertos com material fúngico. O crescimento linear do número de UFC, no solo nas parcelas testemunhas, evidenciou disseminação do fungo para partes anteriormente não tratadas do arrozal. Resultados significativos de controle com a aplicação da suspensão de conídios e dos grãos de arroz com o fungo, na dose de 5 x 10(13) conídios.ha-1, também foram obtidos em 1993, com 51,8% e 48,2% de eficiência, respectivamente. Em 1994, a aplicação da suspensão de 5 x 10(13) conídios.ha-1 resultou em 39,5% de controle do inseto. O índice de confirmação de infeção, contudo, foi baixo, nos dois anos, atingindo, no máximo, 20%, em 1993. O baixo número de insetos com micose, em comparação ao índice de mortalidade, pode provavelmente reduzir a taxa de disseminação do fungo nos arrozais e, por conseqüência, ser desfavorável à ocorrência de epizootias.

          Translated abstract

          The rice stem bug, Tibraca limbativentris Stal, 1860 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), is an important pest of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Brazil, mainly in flooded system of cultivation. The effect of two ways of application (conidia in aqueous suspension and on rice grain) of Metarhizium anisopliae strain 172 for the control of the rice stem bug, was evaluated in three experiments conducted in 1991, 1992 and 1994 in commercial irrigated rice. In 1991, the spraying of conidia suspension and manual distribution of rice grain covered with fungal material at dose of 7.2 x 10(13) conidia.ha-1, on soil and among rice stems, where the bugs were located, reduced significantly the insect natural population with control efficiencies of 52.6 and 61.8%, respectively. Studies about establishment and persistence of fungal conidia in soil, using the colony forming unity (CFU) counts, indicated that the fungus persisted in the soil between two rice crop seasons, up to 216 days after application, when new rice crops were established. The number of CFU was greater in the plots treated with rice grain covered with fungal material. The linear growth of CFU in the control plots showed that the fungus spread to the untreated areas of the rice field. Significant control efficiency was obtained in 1993 for grain and aqueous fungus treatment with 48.2% and 51.8%, respectively. In 1994, the conidial suspension at dose of 5x10(13) conidia.ha-1 resulted in control efficiency of 39.5%. The level of insect mycosis, however, was low in both 1993 and 1994, reaching a maximum of 20% mycosis in 1993. The low numbers of insect with mycosis compared with the level of mortality, may probably reduce the rate of fungal dissemination in rice fields and, consequently, be detrimental to the occurrence of epizootics.

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            Attachment of Metarhizium anisopliae to the southern green stink bug Nezara viridula cuticle and fungistatic effect of cuticular lipids and aldehydes.

            In this paper we examined the conidial attachment of Metarhizium anisopliae on the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula, using the exuvia and nymphal stage of the host as a substrate for M. anisopliae conidiospores. Initial studies using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled conidia examined the differential binding of conidia to various sites on the cuticle. Both the topography and the chemistry of the cuticle affected conidial adhesion. Conidia were trapped in areas containing large numbers of setae (e.g., antennal tips, apical portions of tibia and tarsi). Chemical treatments to remove the cuticle proteins did not affect conidial adhesion, but solvent extraction of cuticular lipids significantly reduced the adhesion of M. anisopliae spores. Germination of M. anisopliae conidia attached to N. viridula cuticle was much less than conidia attached to other insect cuticle substrates. After a 24-hr incubation, only 5-20% of the conidia produced detectable germ tubes. The aldehyde (E)-2-decenal, a primary component of the stink bug scent gland, was detected in cuticle extracts and found to be selectively fungistatic to certain entomopathogenic fungi, including M. anisopliae. The hydrocarbon fraction (nC13 and nC21 to nC31 hydrocarbon series) served as a binding substrate for M. anisopliae, but conidia did not degrade these hydrocarbons and did not use them as a carbon source.
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              Controle microbiano de insetos

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cr
                Ciência Rural
                Cienc. Rural
                Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (Santa Maria )
                1678-4596
                December 2004
                : 34
                : 6
                : 1681-1688
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Embrapa Brazil
                [2 ] Embrapa Brazil
                [3 ] Mistério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento
                [4 ] Embrapa Brazil
                Article
                S0103-84782004000600003
                10.1590/S0103-84782004000600003
                d5c004fc-2942-4ae1-bea5-811643aba75d

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0103-8478&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRONOMY

                Horticulture
                persistência no solo,Insecta,Oryza sativa,microbial control,entomopathogenic fungus,soil persistence,controle microbiológico

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