For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
Inviting an author to review:
Frameless, electromagnetic image-guided ventriculostomy for ventriculoperitoneal shunt and Ommaya reservoir placement.
Find an author and click ‘Invite to review selected article’ near their name.
Search for authorsSearch for similar articles
11
views
158
references
 Top references
cited by
9
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      374
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      The potential of calibrated fMRI in the understanding of stress in eating disorders

      review-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Eating disorders (ED), including Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN), and Binge Eating Disorder (BED), are medically dangerous psychiatric disorders of unknown etiology. Accumulating evidence supports a biopsychosocial model that includes genetic heritability, neurobiological vulnerability, and psychosocial factors, such as stress, in the development and maintenance of ED. Notably, stress hormones influence appetite and eating, and dysfunction of the physiological stress response has been implicated in ED pathophysiology. Stress signals also appear associated with food reward neurocircuitry response in ED, providing a possible mechanism for the role of stress in appetite dysregulation. This paper provides a review of some of the interacting psychological, behavioral, physiological, and neurobiological mechanisms involved in the stress response among individuals with ED, and discusses novel neuroimaging techniques to address potential physiological confounds of studying neural correlates of stress in ED, such as calibrated fMRI.

          Related collections

          Most cited references158

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Central role of the brain in stress and adaptation: links to socioeconomic status, health, and disease.

          Bruce McEwen, Peter J. Gianaros (2010)
          The brain is the key organ of stress reactivity, coping, and recovery processes. Within the brain, a distributed neural circuitry determines what is threatening and thus stressful to the individual. Instrumental brain systems of this circuitry include the hippocampus, amygdala, and areas of the prefrontal cortex. Together, these systems regulate physiological and behavioral stress processes, which can be adaptive in the short-term and maladaptive in the long-term. Importantly, such stress processes arise from bidirectional patterns of communication between the brain and the autonomic, cardiovascular, and immune systems via neural and endocrine mechanisms underpinning cognition, experience, and behavior. In one respect, these bidirectional stress mechanisms are protective in that they promote short-term adaptation (allostasis). In another respect, however, these stress mechanisms can lead to a long-term dysregulation of allostasis in that they promote maladaptive wear-and-tear on the body and brain under chronically stressful conditions (allostatic load), compromising stress resiliency and health. This review focuses specifically on the links between stress-related processes embedded within the social environment and embodied within the brain, which is viewed as the central mediator and target of allostasis and allostatic load.
          Article 0 comments Cited 450 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Stress Response.

            James P Herman, Jessica McKlveen, Sriparna Ghosal … (2016)
            The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis is required for stress adaptation. Activation of the HPA axis causes secretion of glucocorticoids, which act on multiple organ systems to redirect energy resources to meet real or anticipated demand. The HPA stress response is driven primarily by neural mechanisms, invoking corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) release from hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons. Pathways activating CRH release are stressor dependent: reactive responses to homeostatic disruption frequently involve direct noradrenergic or peptidergic drive of PVN neurons by sensory relays, whereas anticipatory responses use oligosynaptic pathways originating in upstream limbic structures. Anticipatory responses are driven largely by disinhibition, mediated by trans-synaptic silencing of tonic PVN inhibition via GABAergic neurons in the amygdala. Stress responses are inhibited by negative feedback mechanisms, whereby glucocorticoids act to diminish drive (brainstem) and promote transsynaptic inhibition by limbic structures (e.g., hippocampus). Glucocorticoids also act at the PVN to rapidly inhibit CRH neuronal activity via membrane glucocorticoid receptors. Chronic stress-induced activation of the HPA axis takes many forms (chronic basal hypersecretion, sensitized stress responses, and even adrenal exhaustion), with manifestation dependent upon factors such as stressor chronicity, intensity, frequency, and modality. Neural mechanisms driving chronic stress responses can be distinct from those controlling acute reactions, including recruitment of novel limbic, hypothalamic, and brainstem circuits. Importantly, an individual's response to acute or chronic stress is determined by numerous factors, including genetics, early life experience, environmental conditions, sex, and age. The context in which stressors occur will determine whether an individual's acute or chronic stress responses are adaptive or maladaptive (pathological).
            Article 0 comments Cited 400 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Central effects of stress hormones in health and disease: Understanding the protective and damaging effects of stress and stress mediators.

              Bruce McEwen (2008)
              Stress begins in the brain and affects the brain, as well as the rest of the body. Acute stress responses promote adaptation and survival via responses of neural, cardiovascular, autonomic, immune and metabolic systems. Chronic stress can promote and exacerbate pathophysiology through the same systems that are dysregulated. The burden of chronic stress and accompanying changes in personal behaviors (smoking, eating too much, drinking, poor quality sleep; otherwise referred to as "lifestyle") is called allostatic overload. Brain regions such as hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and amygdala respond to acute and chronic stress and show changes in morphology and chemistry that are largely reversible if the chronic stress lasts for weeks. However, it is not clear whether prolonged stress for many months or years may have irreversible effects on the brain. The adaptive plasticity of chronic stress involves many mediators, including glucocorticoids, excitatory amino acids, endogenous factors such as brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF), polysialated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The role of this stress-induced remodeling of neural circuitry is discussed in relation to psychiatric illnesses, as well as chronic stress and the concept of top-down regulation of cognitive, autonomic and neuroendocrine function. This concept leads to a different way of regarding more holistic manipulations, such as physical activity and social support as an important complement to pharmaceutical therapy in treatment of the common phenomenon of being "stressed out". Policies of government and the private sector play an important role in this top-down view of minimizing the burden of chronic stress and related lifestyle (i.e. allostatic overload).
              Article 0 comments Cited 384 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Christina E. Wierenga
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Neurobiol Stress
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Neurobiol Stress
                Title: Neurobiology of Stress
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2352-2895
                Publication date PMC-release: 18 August 2018
                Publication date Collection: November 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 18 August 2018
                Volume: 9
                Pages: 64-73
                Affiliations
                [a ]University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
                [b ]SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author. UCSD Department of Psychiatry, Chancellor Park, 4510 Executive Dr., Suite 315, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA. cwierenga@ 123456ucsd.edu
                Article
                Publisher ID: S2352-2895(17)30065-6
                DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.08.006
                PMC ID: 6234260
                PubMed ID: 30450374
                SO-VID: d6041b1b-bf69-48f9-a2ff-4934cf2a2de2
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 18 December 2017
                Date revision received : 18 May 2018
                Date accepted : 17 August 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Articles from the Special Issue on Imaging Stress; Edited by Michael R Bruchas and Alan Simmons

                Keywords: eating disorders,stress,anorexia nervosa,bulimia nervosa,functional neuroimaging,hpa-axis
                Data availability:
                Keywords: eating disorders, stress, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, functional neuroimaging, hpa-axis

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content374

                See all similar

                Cited by9

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors2,131

                See all reference authors