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      The dorsal posterior insula subserves a fundamental role in human pain

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          Abstract

          Several brain regions are implicated in human painful experiences but none are proven as specific to pain. Here, we exploit arterial spin-labelling quantitative perfusion imaging and a novel paradigm to identify a specific role for the dorsal posterior insula (dpIns) in pain. Tract tracing studies in animals identify a similar region as fundamental to nociception, which suggests the dpIns is its human homologue and, as such, a potential therapeutic target.

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          Variational Bayesian Inference for a Nonlinear Forward Model

          B Whitcher, M.A. Chappell, M.W. Woolrich … (2009)
          Article 0 comments Cited 143 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            A model for the coupling between cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism during neural stimulation.

            R B Buxton, L R Frank (1997)
            A general mathematical model for the delivery of O2 to the brain is presented, based on the assumptions that all of the brain capillaries are perfused at rest and that all of the oxygen extracted from the capillaries is metabolized. The model predicts that disproportionately large changes in blood flow are required in order to support small changes in the O2 metabolic rate. Interpreted in terms of this model, previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies of the human brain during neural stimulation demonstrating that cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases much more than the oxygen metabolic rate are consistent with tight coupling of flow and oxidative metabolism. The model provides a basis for the quantitative interpretation of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in terms of changes in local CBF.
            Article 0 comments Cited 113 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Somatotopic organisation of the human insula to painful heat studied with high resolution functional imaging.

              J C W Brooks, L Zambreanu, A Godinez … (2005)
              Pain perception is a multidimensional phenomenon, derived from sensory, affective, cognitive-evaluative and homeostatic information. Neuroimaging studies of pain perception have investigated the role of primary somatosensory cortex (SI); however, they have typically failed to demonstrate the expected somatotopy. An alternative network for the sensory component of pain has been proposed, involving a temperature and pain-specific nucleus of the thalamus (VMpo) and its projections to dorsal posterior insula (dpIns). According to this hypothesis, projections to the insula should be arranged somatotopically. In order to test for the presence of somatotopy in the operculo-insular brain region, we delivered moderately painful thermal stimuli to the right face, hand and foot in 14 healthy subjects and recorded brain responses using high resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T. For each subject, the thermode temperature was adjusted to produce pain ratings of 5 to 6 out of 10, which corresponded to average temperatures for the face, hand and foot of 49.6, 48.5 and 48.5 degrees C, respectively. Examination of mixed effects group activation maps suggested a pain-related somatotopy in the contralateral posterior insula and putamen. Construction of frequency maps revealed that face activation within the posterior insula was anterior to both hand and foot, whilst foot activation was located medially in the circular sulcus. Single subject analysis demonstrated that only coordinates for dpIns activation were significantly dependent on stimulus location (Hotelling's Trace, P = 0.012). Coordinates for face (paired t test, P = 0.004) and hand (P < 0.001) activity were more lateral than those for foot, whilst face activation was anterior to the foot (P = 0.037). Based on single subject analyses, the average standard space (MNI) coordinates for face, hand and foot activity were (-40,-16,11), (-40,-19,14) and (-35,-21,11) respectively.
              Article 0 comments Cited 92 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-journal-id): 9809671
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nat Neurosci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nat. Neurosci.
                Title: Nature neuroscience
                ISSN (Print): 1097-6256
                ISSN (Electronic): 1546-1726
                Publication date (Print): 01 April 2015
                Publication date (Electronic): 09 March 2015
                Publication date Nihms-submitted: 30 September 2019
                Publication date PMC-release: 08 October 2019
                Volume: 18
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 499-500
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB)
                [2 ]Nuffield Division of Anaesthetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
                [3 ]Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
                Author notes
                [§ ]To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Andrew Reilly Segerdahl, Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom, Tel: +44 (0) 1865 222 736, Fax: +44(0) 1865 222 717, andrew.segerdahl@ 123456ndcn.ox.ac.uk
                Article
                Accession ID: PMC6783299 Pmcid ID: PMC6783299 Pmc-uid ID: 6783299 Manuscript ID: ems84507
                DOI: 10.1038/nn.3969
                PMC ID: 6783299
                PubMed ID: 25751532
                SO-VID: d60d2760-b6c3-4aaa-a871-b2fd0afa9ed0
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