HISTORIOGRAFÍAS EN DISPUTA. EL CASO DE LA REVISTA HISTORIA EN LA DICTADURA MILITAR CHILENA  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: CONTESTED HISTORIOGRAPHIES. THE CASE OF THE JOURNAL HISTORIA DURING THE CHILEAN MILITARY DICTATORSHIP </span>

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Abstract

RESUMEN: El presente artículo analiza el desarrollo de la historiografía chilena durante la dictadura militar mediante la producción generada por la revista Historia de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Considerando la cercanía del régimen con esta institución, se propone que en las publicaciones de la revista convivieron dos tendencias historiográficas. En primer lugar, y de forma predominante, una historiografía cercana al relato oficial de la dictadura y que empleaba elementos propios del historicismo decimonónico. En segundo lugar, una suerte de resistencia historiográfica que progresivamente fue incluyendo nuevas perspectivas y metodologías de la disciplina que se encontraban en auge en el ámbito global.

Translated abstract

ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the development of Chilean historiography during the military dictatorship through the production generated by the academic journal Historia from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Considering the closeness between this institution and the regime, it is suggested that in the published numbers of the journal two historiographical tendencies coexisted. In the first place, and predominantly, a historiography closed to the official narrative of the dictatorship and that employed typical elements of nineteenth-century historicism. Second, a kind of historiographical resistance that progressively included new perspectives and methodologies of the discipline that were booming at a global level.

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Social sciences and society in Chile: institutionalization, breakdown and rebirth

Manuel Garretón (2005)

Social sciences emerged in Chile during the mid-1950s in a context of social transformations that marked their foundation and consolidation as scientific disciplines. This article deals with the general background of the installation of these disciplines, particularly sociology, their later consolidation and the subsequent process of dismantling and re-composition, from the point of view of their institutionalization and internationalization. Like all research, this is a partial perspective, nurtured with the views of the generation that followed the foundational phase, which has its conceptual bases in what we have called the “social sciences development model” or project, and the contributions of a series of other authors. In the Chilean case, several authors agree on the identification of three periods in the development of social sciences, viewed as institutional milestones, even though we consider sub-periods within each one. A first period of creation, institutionalization and professionalization goes from the mid-1950s until 1973. A second period coincides with the military dictatorship (1973-89), during which the majority of social sciences had to abandon their home in universities. Such a loss was compensated by the creation of a variety of independent academic centers, which permitted a development of these disciplines associated with a growing process of thematic specialization. The third phase corresponds to the return of a democratic regime (1990-2003), a period in which social sciences again situated themselves preferably in universities, occasioning a new expansion of professional training programs and institutions. The article traces these phases in view of going beyond a history of the disciplines to develop an analytical perspective that accounts for the characteristics of the context, the institutional dimensions, the thematic contents and their role in society.