What are the high energy cosmic rays telling us?

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Abstract

We review in these notes the recent results of the Pierre Auger Observatory related to ultra high energy cosmic rays. We describe the components of the observatory and the status of its operation. The observations related here cover the correlation with astrophysical sources and its implications, as well as the determination of the spectrum at the higher end of energy, and the detemination of the primary cosmic rays being photons. We also report on the limit of the neutrino flux. It is described the next steps in the layout of the Observatory, which includes extending the capabilities of the Southern observatory to lower energies and, in the Northen Hemisphere the construction of a new observatory in Colorado, USA.

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Multi-TeV Scalars are Natural in Minimal Supergravity

Jonathan L. Feng, Konstantin T. Matchev, Takeo Moroi (2000)

For a top quark mass fixed to its measured value, we find natural regions of minimal supergravity parameter space where all squarks, sleptons, and heavy Higgs scalars have masses far above 1 TeV and are possibly beyond the reach of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. This result is simply understood in terms of "focus point" renormalization group behavior and holds in any supergravity theory with a universal scalar mass that is large relative to other supersymmetry breaking parameters. We highlight the importance of the choice of fundamental parameters for this conclusion and for naturalness discussions in general.

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Nano-scale brushes: How to build a smart surface coating

Holger Merlitz, Chen-Xu Wu, Gui-Li He … (2008)

Via computer simulations, we demonstrate how a densely grafted layer of polymers, a {\it brush}, could be turned into an efficient switch through chemical modification of some of its end-monomers. In this way, a surface coating with reversibly switchable properties can be constructed. We analyze the fundamental physical principle behind its function, a recently discovered surface instability, and demonstrate that the combination of a high grafting density, an inflated end-group size and a high degree of monodispersity are conditions for an optimal functionality of the switch.