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      CONSORCIO MICROBIANO AUTÓCTONO PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS CONTAMINADAS CON GASOIL DEL PUERTO DE ISLA DE TOAS (VENEZUELA) Translated title: AUTOCHTHONOUS MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM FOR DIESEL CONTAMINATED WATER TREATMENT FROM TOAS ISLAND HARBOR (VENEZUELA)

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN El tratamiento biológico de aguas contaminadas, mediante consorcios microbianos autóctonos, aprovecha las potencialidades metabólicas de grupos distintos de microorganismos para degradar y/o remover una amplia variedad de compuestos. Adicionalmente, las técnicas de bioestimulación y bioaumentación contribuyen a fortalecer las capacidades de estos procesos de biodegradación. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en evaluar la utilización de un consorcio microbiano autóctono (Chlorella spp.-bacterias) para el tratamiento de aguas del puerto de Isla de Toas (Lago de Maracaibo, Venezuela), contaminadas con 1 % v/v de gasoil. Para ello, se usaron dos tratamientos (T1: bioestimulado y T2: bioaumentado) y un control por 70 días, a escala de 20 L y condiciones ambientales controladas. Durante los ensayos se monitorearon: temperatura, pH, demanda química de oxígeno (DQO), nitrito, nitrato, nitrógeno total Kjeldahl, nitrógeno total (N-total), ortofosfato, fósforo total (P-total), hidrocarburos totales del petróleo (HTP), fracciones de hidrocarburos (SARA), densidad microalgal y bacteriana, y pigmentos fotosintéticos, de acuerdo con los métodos estandarizados. Los valores medios para la remoción de materia orgánica (DQO), N-total y P-total, fueron: 23,3±2,3; 35,2±4,5 y 64,6±4,8 %, de 27,6±1,64; 79,8±2,05 y 87,7±1,95 %, y de <0,1; 16,1 ±0,38 y 44,7±1,18 %, para el control, T1 y T2, respectivamente. Las concentraciones finales de HTP estuvieron por encima del límite permisible de la normativa venezolana para descarga a cuerpos de aguas naturales, no obstante, se obtuvieron altas tasas de remoción de hidrocarburos saturados y aromáticos (>70 %), particularmente en el tratamiento bioaumentado (T2). Los consorcios microbianos autóctonos poseen gran potencial para la biorrecuperación del agua del puerto de Isla de Toas, contaminada con hidrocarburos del petróleo, por lo cual se recomienda continuar investigando sobre esta tecnología de tratamiento.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The biological treatment of polluted water using autochthonous microbial consortia harnesses the metabolic potential of different groups of microorganisms to degrade and/or remove a wide variety of compounds. Additionally, biostimulation and bioaugmentation techniques contribute to enhancing the capabilities of these biodegradation processes. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the use of an autochthonous microbial consortium (Chlorella spp.-bacteria) to treat water at the Toas Island harbor (Maracaibo Lake, Venezuela), polluted by 1 % v/v diesel. For this, two treatments (T1: biostimulated and T2: bioaugmented) and a control were used for 70 days, at a scale of 20 L and under controlled environmental conditions. During the tests, temperature, pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrite, nitrate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total nitrogen (TN), orthophosphate, total phosphorus (TP), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), hydrocarbon fractions (SARA), microalgal and bacterial density, and photosynthetic pigments were monitored, according to standardized methods. The mean values for organic matter removal (COD), TN and TP were 23.3 ± 2.3, 35.2 ± 4.5 and 64.6 ± 4.8 % for control; 27.6 ± 1.64, 79.8 ± 2.05 and 87.7 ± 1.95 % for T1 ; and <0.1; 16.1 ± 0.38 and 44.7 ± 1.18% for T2. The final concentrations of TPH were above the permissible limit of Venezuelan regulations for discharges into natural bodies of water; however, high rates of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon removal (>70 %) were obtained, particularly in the bioaugmented treatment (T2). Autochthonous microbial consortia have great potential for the biorecovery of water at the Toas Island harbor, polluted by petroleum hydrocarbons. Therefore, it is advisable to continue researching into this treatment technology.

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          A Comprehensive Review of Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation by Bacteria.

          Hydrocarbons are relatively recalcitrant compounds and are classified as high-priority pollutants. However, these compounds are slowly degraded by a large variety of microorganisms. Bacteria are able to degrade aliphatic saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons via both aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Branched hydrocarbons and cyclic hydrocarbons are also degraded by bacteria. The aerobic bacteria use different types of oxygenases, including monooxygenase, cytochrome-dependent oxygenase and dioxygenase, to insert one or two atoms of oxygen into their targets. Anaerobic bacteria, on the other hand, employ a variety of simple organic and inorganic molecules, including sulphate, nitrate, carbonate and metals, for hydrocarbon oxidation.
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            Bioaugmentation and its application in wastewater treatment: A review.

            Bioaugmentation (the process of adding selected strains/mixed cultures to wastewater reactors to improve the catabolism of specific compounds, e.g. refractory organics, or overall COD) is a promising technique to solve practical problems in wastewater treatment plants, and enhance removal efficiency. The potential of this option can now be enhanced in order to take advantage of important advances in the fields of microbial ecology, molecular biology, immobilization techniques and advanced bioreactor design. Reports on bioaugmentation in WWT show the difficulties in evaluating the potential parameters involved, leading frequently to inconclusive outcomes. Many studies have been carried out on the basis of trial-and-error approaches, and it has been reported that reactors bioaugmented with pure cultures often fail to perform as well as the pure cultures under laboratory conditions. As an interesting technical challenge, the feasibility of bioaugmentation should ultimately be assessed by data from field implementation, and this review highlights several promising areas to explore in the future.
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              New concepts of microbial treatment processes for the nitrogen removal in wastewater.

              Many countries strive to reduce the emissions of nitrogen compounds (ammonia, nitrate, NOx) to the surface waters and the atmosphere. Since mainstream domestic wastewater treatment systems are usually already overloaded with ammonia, a dedicated nitrogen removal from concentrated secondary or industrial wastewaters is often more cost-effective than the disposal of such wastes to domestic wastewater treatment. The cost-effectiveness of separate treatment has increased dramatically in the past few years, since several processes for the biological removal of ammonia from concentrated waste streams have become available. Here, we review those processes that make use of new concepts in microbiology: partial nitrification, nitrifier denitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (the anammox process). These processes target the removal of ammonia from gases, and ammonium-bicarbonate from concentrated wastewaters (i.e. sludge liquor and landfill leachate). The review addresses the microbiology, its consequences for their application, the current status regarding application, and the future developments.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cein
                Ciencia e Ingeniería Neogranadina
                Cienc. Ing. Neogranad.
                Universidad Militar Nueva Granada (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0124-8170
                December 2018
                : 28
                : 2
                : 5-27
                Affiliations
                [1] Maracaibo orgnameUniversidad del Zulia Venezuela ldiaz@ 123456fec.luz.edu.ve
                [3] Maracaibo orgnameUniversidad del Zulia Venezuela
                [4] Maracaibo orgnameUniversidad del Zulia Venezuela scarrasquero@ 123456fing.luz.edu.ve
                [2] Maracaibo orgnameUniversidad del Zulia Venezuela jmarin@ 123456fing.luz.edu.ve
                [5] Guayaquil Guayas orgnameUniversidad de Guayaquil Ecuador
                Article
                S0124-81702018000200005
                10.18359/rcin.2792
                d83b1c61-5e27-4e19-b8fe-29554ba5cde5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 March 2017
                : 18 October 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 54, Pages: 23
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Artículos

                bioaumentación,bioestimulación,degradación microbiana,hidrocarburos,metabolismo mixotrófico,tratamiento biológico,bioaugmentation,biological treatment,biostimulation,hydrocarbons,microbial degradation,mixotrophic metabolism

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