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      Carbon-fiber tips for scanning probe microscopes and molecular electronics experiments

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          Abstract

          We fabricate and characterize carbon-fiber tips for their use in combined scanning tunneling and force microscopy based on piezoelectric quartz tuning fork force sensors. An electrochemical fabrication procedure to etch the tips is used to yield reproducible sub-100-nm apex. We also study electron transport through single-molecule junctions formed by a single octanethiol molecule bonded by the thiol anchoring group to a gold electrode and linked to a carbon tip by the methyl group. We observe the presence of conductance plateaus during the stretching of the molecular bridge, which is the signature of the formation of a molecular junction.

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          Measurement of single-molecule resistance by repeated formation of molecular junctions.

          Bingqian Xu, Nongjian Tao (2003)
          The conductance of a single molecule connected to two gold electrodes was determined by repeatedly forming thousands of gold-molecule-gold junctions. Conductance histograms revealed well-defined peaks at integer multiples of a fundamental conductance value, which was used to identify the conductance of a single molecule. The resistances near zero bias were 10.5 +/- 0.5, 51 +/- 5, 630 +/- 50, and 1.3 +/- 0.1 megohms for hexanedithiol, octanedithiol, decanedithiol, and 4,4' bipyridine, respectively. The tunneling decay constant (betaN) for N-alkanedithiols was 1.0 +/- 0.1 per carbon atom and was weakly dependent on the applied bias. The resistance and betaN values are consistent with first-principles calculations.
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            Dependence of Single Molecule Junction Conductance on Molecular Conformation

            Mark S. Hybertsen, Latha Venkataraman, Jennifer Klare … (2006)
            The conductance of a single metal-molecule-metal junction depends critically on the conformations of the molecule. In the simple case of a biphenyl, two phenyl rings linked together by a single C-C bond, the conductance is expected to depend on the relative twist angle between the two rings, with the planar conformation having the highest conductance. A number of different techniques have measured the conductance of metal-molecule(s)-metal junctions. However, the conductance variation from junction to junction has made it difficult to verify even the simplest predictions about how molecules should behave in unimolecular devices. Here, using amine link groups to form single molecule junctions, we show a clear correlation between molecule conformation and junction conductance in a series of seven biphenyl molecules with different ring substitutions that alter the twist angle of the molecules. We find that the conductance for the series decreases with increasing twist angle, consistent with a cosine squared relation predicted theoretically for transport through pi-conjugated systems.
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              Effect of anchoring groups on single-molecule conductance: comparative study of thiol-, amine-, and carboxylic-acid-terminated molecules.

              Fang. Chen, Xiulan Li, Joshua Hihath … (2006)
              We studied the effect of anchoring groups on the conductance of single molecules using alkanes terminated with dithiol, diamine, and dicarboxylic-acid groups as a model system. We created a large number of molecular junctions mechanically and analyzed the statistical distributions of the conductance values of the molecular junctions. Multiple sets of conductance values were found in each case. The I-V characteristics, temperature independence, and exponential decay of the conductance with the molecular length all indicate tunneling as the conduction mechanism for these molecules. The prefactor of the exponential decay function, which reflects the contact resistance, is highly sensitive to the anchoring group, and the decay constant is weakly dependent on the anchoring group. These observations are attributed to different electronic couplings between the molecules and the electrodes and alignments of the molecular energy levels relative to the Fermi energy level of the electrodes introduced by different anchoring groups. For diamine and dicarboxylic-acid groups, the conductance values are sensitive to pH due to protonation and deprotonation of the anchoring groups. Further insight into the binding strengths of these anchoring groups to gold electrodes is obtained by statistically analyzing the stretching length of molecular junctions.
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                Author and article information

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                Publication date Created: 2012-05-24
                Article
                DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-7-254
                ArXiV ID: 1205.5382
                SO-VID: d9a3bb3b-ae12-4e90-b52f-50c571be9a5f
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                http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

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                Journal reference Nanoscale Research Letters, (2012) 7:254
                Comments Conference Proceeding (Trends in NanoTechnology 2011, Tenerife SPAIN); Nanoscale Research Letters, (2012) 7:254
                Categories cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Condensed matter,Nanophysics
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Condensed matter, Nanophysics

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