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      Consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e excesso de peso em adultos brasileiros - Projeto CUME Translated title: Alcohol consumption and overweight in Brazilian adults - CUME Project

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          Abstract

          Resumo Estudo transversal com 2.909 participantes (≥ 18 anos) da linha de base da Coorte de Universidades Mineiras (CUME), Brasil, que verificou a associação entre o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e o excesso de peso. Por meio de questionário virtual, coletaram-se dados sociodemográficos, de estilo de vida, hábitos alimentares, antropométricos e condições clínicas. Considerou-se Índice de Massa Corporal ≥ 25 kg/m2 como excesso de peso. Avaliou-se o consumo diário de bebidas alcoólicas no total em gramas (álcool) e segundo tipo em mililitros (cerveja, vinhos e destiladas). As prevalências de consumo de álcool e excesso de peso foram 73,6% e 40,8%, respectivamente. Houve uma tendência significativa de aumento da prevalência de excesso de peso quanto maior o consumo de cerveja (p de tendência = 0,038), fato não observado para os demais tipos de bebidas. Após análises de sensibilidade, a ingestão de álcool associou-se ao excesso de peso, com tendência de aumento da prevalência quanto maior o consumo diário. Ressalta-se a necessidade de reduzir a visão amplamente aceita de que o consumo leve a moderado de álcool não é nocivo à saúde, adotando cautela nesta proposição. Deve-se considerar a influência da ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas no ganho de peso nas políticas públicas de saúde e de controle do consumo do álcool.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract This is a cross-sectional study with 2,909 participants (aged ≥18 years) from the baseline of the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais [CUME - Coorte de Universidades Mineiras] which verified the association between alcohol consumption and overweight. Data on sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, eating habits, anthropometric factors and clinical conditions were collected through an online questionnaire. Body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m² was considered an indicator of overweight. The daily consumption of alcohol was evaluated in grams (alcohol) and according to type in milliliters (beer, wine, hard liquor). The prevalence of alcohol consumption and overweight was 73.6% and 40.8%, respectively. There was a significant tendency of an increase in overweight with higher beer consumption (tendency p value of 0.038), which was not observed for the other types of alcohol. After sensitivity analyses, alcohol consumption was associated to overweight, with a tendency of increase in prevalence with higher daily consumption. There is a crucial need to curb the widely accepted idea that a low or moderate alcohol consumption is not harmful to one’s health, and to be cautious of such a proposition. The influence of alcohol consumption regarding weight gain must be considered in public health policies and policies of alcohol consumption control.

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          Most cited references56

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          Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

          Summary Background Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions. With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older. Methods Using 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption; second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use; and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health. Findings Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·5–3·0) of age-standardised female deaths and 6·8% (5·8–8·0) of age-standardised male deaths. Among the population aged 15–49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3·8% (95% UI 3·2–4·3) of female deaths and 12·2% (10·8–13·6) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. For the population aged 15–49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2·3% (95% UI 2·0–2·6) and male attributable DALYs were 8·9% (7·8–9·9). The three leading causes of attributable deaths in this age group were tuberculosis (1·4% [95% UI 1·0–1·7] of total deaths), road injuries (1·2% [0·7–1·9]), and self-harm (1·1% [0·6–1·5]). For populations aged 50 years and older, cancers accounted for a large proportion of total alcohol-attributable deaths in 2016, constituting 27·1% (95% UI 21·2–33·3) of total alcohol-attributable female deaths and 18·9% (15·3–22·6) of male deaths. The level of alcohol consumption that minimised harm across health outcomes was zero (95% UI 0·0–0·8) standard drinks per week. Interpretation Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for global disease burden and causes substantial health loss. We found that the risk of all-cause mortality, and of cancers specifically, rises with increasing levels of consumption, and the level of consumption that minimises health loss is zero. These results suggest that alcohol control policies might need to be revised worldwide, refocusing on efforts to lower overall population-level consumption. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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            The UN Decade of Nutrition, the NOVA food classification and the trouble with ultra-processing.

            Given evident multiple threats to food systems and supplies, food security, human health and welfare, the living and physical world and the biosphere, the years 2016-2025 are now designated by the UN as the Decade of Nutrition, in support of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. For these initiatives to succeed, it is necessary to know which foods contribute to health and well-being, and which are unhealthy. The present commentary outlines the NOVA system of food classification based on the nature, extent and purpose of food processing. Evidence that NOVA effectively addresses the quality of diets and their impact on all forms of malnutrition, and also the sustainability of food systems, has now accumulated in a number of countries, as shown here. A singular feature of NOVA is its identification of ultra-processed food and drink products. These are not modified foods, but formulations mostly of cheap industrial sources of dietary energy and nutrients plus additives, using a series of processes (hence 'ultra-processed'). All together, they are energy-dense, high in unhealthy types of fat, refined starches, free sugars and salt, and poor sources of protein, dietary fibre and micronutrients. Ultra-processed products are made to be hyper-palatable and attractive, with long shelf-life, and able to be consumed anywhere, any time. Their formulation, presentation and marketing often promote overconsumption. Studies based on NOVA show that ultra-processed products now dominate the food supplies of various high-income countries and are increasingly pervasive in lower-middle- and upper-middle-income countries. The evidence so far shows that displacement of minimally processed foods and freshly prepared dishes and meals by ultra-processed products is associated with unhealthy dietary nutrient profiles and several diet-related non-communicable diseases. Ultra-processed products are also troublesome from social, cultural, economic, political and environmental points of view. We conclude that the ever-increasing production and consumption of these products is a world crisis, to be confronted, checked and reversed as part of the work of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and its Decade of Nutrition.
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              Alcohol Consumption and Obesity: An Update

              Recreational alcohol intake is a widespread activity globally and alcohol energy (7 kcal/g) can be a contributing factor to weight gain if not compensated for. Given that both excessive alcohol intake and obesity are of public health interest, the present paper provides an update on the association between alcohol consumption and body weight. In general, recent prospective studies show that light-to-moderate alcohol intake is not associated with adiposity gain while heavy drinking is more consistently related to weight gain. Experimental evidence is also mixed and suggests that moderate intake of alcohol does not lead to weight gain over short follow-up periods. However, many factors can explain the conflicting findings and a better characterization of individuals more likely to gain weight as a result of alcohol consumption is needed. In particular, individuals who frequently drink moderate amounts of alcohol may enjoy a healthier lifestyle in general that may protect them from weight gain. In conclusion, despite the important limitations of current studies, it is reasonable to say that alcohol intake may be a risk factor for obesity in some individuals, likely based on a multitude of factors, some of which are discussed herein.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csc
                Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
                Ciênc. saúde coletiva
                ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1413-8123
                1678-4561
                October 2021
                : 26
                : suppl 3
                : 4835-4848
                Affiliations
                [2] Viçosa Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Viçosa orgdiv1Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde Brazil
                [4] Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Escola de Enfermagem orgdiv2Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública Brazil adrianompimenta@ 123456gmail.com
                [3] Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Escola de Enfermagem orgdiv2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde Brazil
                [1] Coari Amazonas orgnameUniversidade Federal do Amazonas orgdiv1Instituto de Saúde e Biotecnologia orgdiv2Departamento de Medicina Brazil
                Article
                S1413-81232021001304835 S1413-8123(21)02600004835
                10.1590/1413-812320212611.3.20192019
                d9e19ce5-344b-4054-b12d-29f733873435

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 October 2019
                : 04 April 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 56, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Categories
                PESO DA ALIMENTAÇÃO E DAS BEBIDAS ALCOÓLICAS NA SAÚDE

                Alcohol drinking,Overweight,Obesity,Consumo de bebidas alcoólicas,Sobrepeso,Obesidade

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