Prevalência e fatores associados ao sedentarismo em adolescentes de área urbana

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Abstract

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência e fatores associados ao sedentarismo em adolescentes residentes em uma área urbana. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo transversal em uma amostra representativa de 960 adolescentes com idades entre 15 e 18 anos, em 2002, em Pelotas, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário anônimo e auto-aplicado. Foi definindo como sedentário o adolescente que participava de atividades físicas por um tempo menor do que 20 minutos diários e uma freqüência menor do que três vezes por semana. Variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais foram avaliadas. Para as comparações entre proporções, utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado, e para a análise multivariada, a regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto para as variâncias. Foi feito controle para efeito de delineamento. RESULTADOS: Foram entrevistados 960 adolescentes, dos quais 39% foram considerados sedentários. As meninas foram mais sedentárias do que os meninos, 2,45 (IC 95% 2,06-2,92). Os adolescentes das classes sociais mais baixas foram mais sedentários, 1,35 (IC 95% 1,06-1,72). Escolaridade inferior a quatro anos de estudo do adolescente 1,30 (IC 95% 1,01-1,68) e da mãe 1,75 (IC 95% 1,31-2,23) apresentaram maior risco para o sedentarismo. Após controle para possíveis fatores de confusão, mostrou-se também positiva a associação entre o sedentarismo e a presença de transtornos psiquiátricos menores e relação inversa, fator de proteção para os sexualmente ativos 0,84 (IC 95% 0,71-0,99). CONCLUSÕES: Ser do sexo feminino, pertencer à classe social baixa, ter uma baixa escolaridade e ser filho de mãe com baixa escolaridade são fatores associados ao sedentarismo.

Translated abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and determinants of sedentarism among adolescents living in Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Pelotas, in 2002. An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was answered by a representative sample of 960 adolescents with ages ranging from 15 to 18 years old. Those who reported that their participation in some kind of physical activity amounted to less than 20 minutes a day with a frequency of less than 3 times a week were considered to have a sedentary lifestyle. Sociodemographic and behavioral variables were evaluated. The chi-squared test was used for comparisons between proportions. The Poisson regression was used for multivariate analysis with robust adjustment for variances. Corrections were made for study design effects. RESULTS: Interviews were held with 960 adolescents. Of these, 39% were classified as having a sedentary lifestyle. The prevalence of sedentarism was higher among girls than among boys (prevalence ratio of 2.45; 95% CI 2.06-2.95). The adolescents from lower social levels had the highest percentage of sedentarism (prevalence ratio of 1.35; 95% CI 1.06-1.72). There was an inverse relationship between the adolescent's and the mother's schooling and sedentarism. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was also a positive association between sedentarism and minor psychiatric disturbances, and in relation to sexual activity. CONCLUSIONS: Higher prevalences of sedentarism are associated with girls, low social class, low levels of schooling and being the child of a mother with a low level of schooling.

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Influence of parents' physical activity levels on activity levels of young children.

Lynn Moore, David Lombardi, Mary White … (1991)

To determine the relationship between activity levels of parents and those of their young children, we monitored physical activity with a mechanical device, the Caltrac accelerometer, in one hundred 4- to 7-year-old children and in 99 of their mothers and 92 of their fathers. During 1 year in the Framingham Children's Study, data were obtained for an average of more than 10 hours per day for 8.6 +/- 1.8 days for the children, for 8.3 +/- 2.1 days for their mothers, and for 7.7 +/- 2.3 days for their fathers. Children of active mothers (average Caltrac accelerometer counts per hour greater than the median) were 2.0 times as likely to be active as children of inactive mothers (95% confidence interval = 0.9, 4.5); the relative odds ratio of being active for the children of active fathers was 3.5 (95% confidence interval = 1.5, 8.3). When both parents were active, the children were 5.8 times as likely to be active (95% confidence interval = 1.9, 17.4) as children of two inactive parents. Possible mechanisms for the relationship between parents' and child's activity levels include the parents' serving as role models, sharing of activities by family members, enhancement and support by active parents of their child's participation in physical activity, and genetically transmitted factors that predispose the child to increased levels of physical activity.

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Changes in physical activity patterns in the United States, by sex and cross-sectional age.

C Caspersen, Aidan K Curran, Rúben Pereira (2000)

To determine sex-specific, age-related changes in physical activity patterns. We examined cross-sectional data from the National Health Interview Survey, using the 1992 Youth Risk Behavior Survey supplement for adolescents and the 1991 Health Promotion/Disease Prevention supplement for adults. Physical activity patterns were modeled after Healthy People 2000 objectives. Among adolescents, physical activity patterns generally eroded most from ages 15 through 18. The "regular, vigorous activity" and strengthening patterns declined consistently from ages 12 through 21. Young adulthood (18-29 yr) often marked continuing erosion of activity patterns, whereas middle adulthood (30-64 yr) often revealed relatively stable patterns. At retirement age (65 yr), there was a stabilizing, or even an improving, tendency in activity patterns, usually followed by further erosion through the final period of life. Strengthening behavior eroded dramatically with advancing age among adults, especially among men. Among adolescents, differences between female and male respondents were large for regular, vigorous activity (11.3 percentage points greater for male respondents). In comparison with female adolescents and adults, male respondents reported much higher rates of regular, sustained activity (5.5 and 5.9 percentage points, respectively), and strengthening (18.2 and 11.3 percentage points, respectively). Among adults, levels of physical inactivity among women were moderately greater (5.5 percentage points) than for men. Absolute rates of change per year were mostly large to very large (3.0-8.0 percentage points x yr(-1)) during ages 15-18 yr, but, for adults, they were small (<0.5 percentage points x yr(-1)) for 33 of 40 sex, age, and pattern groupings. These data suggest that early and continued intervention will be necessary to offset these declines in physical activity throughout adolescence and adulthood.