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      Current Endovascular Treatment Options in Acute Pulmonary Embolism

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          Abstract

          Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity across the globe. Over the last few decades, there have been major therapeutic advances in acute PE management, including catheter-based therapy. However, the effectiveness of catheter-based therapy in acute PE is not supported by Level I evidence, making the use of this promising treatment rather controversial and ambiguous. In this paper, we discuss the risk stratification of acute PE and review the medical and endovascular treatment options. We also summarize and review the data supporting the use of endovascular treatment options in acute PE and describe the potential role of the PE response team.

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          Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report.

          We update recommendations on 12 topics that were in the 9th edition of these guidelines, and address 3 new topics.
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            2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism.

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              Acute pulmonary embolism: clinical outcomes in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER)

              Pulmonary embolism (PE) remains poorly understood. Rates of clinical outcomes such as death and recurrence vary widely among trials. We therefore established the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER), with the aim of identifying factors associated with death. 2454 consecutive eligible patients with acute PE were registered from 52 hospitals in seven countries in Europe and North America. The primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality at 3 months. The prognostic effect of baseline factors on survival was assessed with multivariate analyses. 2110 (86.0%) patients had PE proven by necropsy, high-probability lung scan, pulmonary angiography, or venous ultrasonography plus high clinical suspicion; ICOPER accepted without independent review diagnoses and interpretation of imaging provided by participating centres; 3-month follow-up was completed in 98.0% of patients. The overall crude mortality rate at 3 months was 17.4% (426 of 2454 deaths, including 52 patients lost to follow-up): 179 of 397 (45.1%) deaths were ascribed to PE and 70 of 397 (17.6%) to cancer, and no information on the cause of death was available for 29 patients. After exclusion of 61 patients in whom PE was first discovered at necropsy, the mortality rate at 3 months was 15.3% (365 of 2393 deaths). On multiple-regression modelling, age over 70 years (hazard ratio 1.6 [95% CI 1.1-2.3]), cancer (2.3 [1.5-3.5]), congestive heart failure (2.4 [1.5-3.7]), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.8 [1.2-2.7]), systolic arterial hypotension (2.9 [1.7-5.0]), tachypnoea (2.0 [1.2-3.2]), and right-ventricular hypokinesis on echocardiography (2.0 [1.3-2.9]) were identified as significant prognostic factors. PE remains an important clinical problem with a high mortality rate. Data from ICOPER provide rates and highlight adverse prognostic categories that will help in planning of future trials of high-risk PE patients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Clin Imaging Sci
                J Clin Imaging Sci
                JCIS
                Journal of Clinical Imaging Science
                Scientific Scholar
                2156-7514
                2156-5597
                25 January 2021
                2021
                : 11
                : 5
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Radiology , Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.
                [2 ]Department of Medicine , Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.
                [3 ]Department of Radiology , University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
                Author notes
                [* ] Corresponding author: Ambarish P. Bhat, Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States. bhatambarish@ 123456gmail.com
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5625-0234
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-1616
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1135-2282
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2347-034X
                Article
                JCIS-11-5
                10.25259/JCIS_229_2020
                7881502
                33598362
                da87ec08-e786-47e0-bdbe-712ace8806e5
                © 2020 Published by Scientific Scholar on behalf of Journal of Clinical Imaging Science

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                : 28 December 2020
                : 09 January 2021
                Categories
                Vascular and Interventional Radiology
                Review Article

                Radiology & Imaging
                thrombectomy,massive pulmonary embolism,pulmonary embolism response team,flowtriever,chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

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