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      Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Vitamina A na atenção primária: qual a realidade em Minas Gerais, Brasil? Translated title: National Vitamin A Supplementation Program in primary care: what is the reality in Minas Gerais, Brazil?

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          Abstract

          Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar o Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Vitamina A em Minas Gerais. Utilizou-se método misto sequencial explanatório. Na abordagem quantitativa, utilizou-se instrumento multidimensional segundo componentes de suplementação da vitamina A e educação alimentar e nutricional. Usou-se uma matriz de análise com parâmetros para definir a implantação como adequada, parcialmente adequada, não adequada e crítica. Na abordagem qualitativa, foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas. A dimensão processo foi melhor avaliada que a estrutura, apresentando grau de implantação de 84,6% e 78,5%, respectivamente. As fortalezas do programa incluem: planejamento da suplementação, alcance de metas, registro de informações, apoio ao aleitamento materno e atuação dos agentes comunitários de saúde. Entre as fragilidades estão: fragmentação do trabalho, limites na análise das informações, acesso às ações do programa, implantação de ações educativas, ausência ou insuficiência de nutricionistas e capacitações. A realidade do programa não contemplou, em sua totalidade, ações de promoção da saúde, sendo o foco a suplementação da vitamina A. É imperativo implementar ações de educação alimentar e nutricional para o enfrentamento da deficiência de vitamina A.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the National Vitamin A Supplementation Program in Minas Gerais, adopting the mixed sequential explanatory method. The quantitative approach adopted the multidimensional instrument per the components of vitamin A supplementation and food and nutrition education. We employed an analysis matrix with parameters to define the implementation as adequate, partially adequate, inadequate, and critical. We used semi-structured interviews in the qualitative approach. The “process” dimension was better evaluated than the “structure”, with an implementation level (IL) of 84.6% and 78.5%, respectively. The Program’s strengths include supplementation planning, achieving goals, recording information, supporting breastfeeding, and the performance of Community Health Workers. Weaknesses are fragmented work, analysis of information limits, access to the Program’s actions, implementation of educational actions, and lack of or insufficient availability of nutritionists and training. The Program’s reality only partially considered health promotion actions and focused on vitamin A supplementation. Implementing food and nutritional education actions is imperative to face vitamin A deficiency.

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          Trends and mortality effects of vitamin A deficiency in children in 138 low-income and middle-income countries between 1991 and 2013: a pooled analysis of population-based surveys.

          Vitamin A deficiency is a risk factor for blindness and for mortality from measles and diarrhoea in children aged 6-59 months. We aimed to estimate trends in the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency between 1991 and 2013 and its mortality burden in low-income and middle-income countries.
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            Vitamin A policies need rethinking.

            The prevalence of vitamin A (VA) deficiency, which affects about one-third of children in developing countries, is falling only slowly. This is despite extensive distribution and administration of periodic (4- to 6-monthly) high-dose VA capsules over the past 20 years, now covering a reported 80% of children in developing countries. This massive programme was motivated largely by an expectation of reducing child mortality, stemming from findings in the 1980s and early 90s. Efficacy trials since 1994 have in most cases not confirmed a mortality impact of VA capsules. Only one large scale programme evaluation has ever been published, which showed no impact on 1-6-year-old mortality (the DEVTA trial, ending in 2003, in Uttar Pradesh, India). Periodic high-dose VA capsules may have less relevance now with changing disease patterns (notably, reductions in measles and diarrhoea). High-dose VA 6-monthly does not reduce prevalence of the deficiency itself, estimated by low serum retinol. It is proposed that: (i) there is no longer any evidence that intermittent high-dose VA programmes are having any substantial mortality effect, perhaps due to changing disease patterns; (ii) frequent intakes of vitamin A in physiological doses -e.g. through food-based approaches, including fortification, and through regular low-dose supplementation-are highly effective in increasing serum retinol (SR) and reducing vitamin A deficiency; (iii) therefore a policy shift is needed, based on consideration of current evidence. A prudent phase-over is needed towards increasing frequent regular intakes of VA at physiological levels, daily or weekly, replacing the high-dose periodic capsule distribution programmes. Moving resources in this direction must happen sooner or later: it should be sooner.
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              Global Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency in Populations at Risk 1995–2005

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csc
                Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
                Ciênc. saúde coletiva
                ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1413-8123
                1678-4561
                2023
                : 28
                : 8
                : 2323-2333
                Affiliations
                [1] Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil wanessa.debortoli@ 123456hotmail.com
                [2] São João del-Rei Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de São João del-Rei Brazil
                [4] Belo Horizonte orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Instituto de Pesquisas René Rachou Brazil
                [3] Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais orgnameSecretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais Brazil
                Article
                S1413-81232023000802323 S1413-8123(23)02800802323
                10.1590/1413-81232023288.05922023
                dbbe4ac0-9820-4975-be28-e26c6517e9f0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 May 2022
                : 17 April 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigo

                Health policy,Program evaluation,Food and nutrition education,Vitamin A deficiency,Avaliação de programas e projetos de saúde,Educação alimentar e nutricional,Deficiência de vitamina A

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