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      PBX3 in Cancer

      review-article
      Author(s): 1 , * , 2
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Cancers
      Publisher: MDPI
      Keywords: PBX3, PBX, HOX, microRNA, acute myeloid leukemia, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          PBX3 is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor of the pre-B cell leukemia (PBX) family, members of which have extensive roles in early development and some adult processes. A number of features distinguish PBX3 from other PBX proteins, including the ability to form specific and stable interactions with DNA in the absence of cofactors. PBX3 has frequently been reported as having a role in the development and maintenance of a malignant phenotype, and high levels of PBX3 tumor expression have been linked to shorter overall survival in cancer. In this review we consider the similarities and differences in the function of PBX3 in different cancer types and draw together the core signaling pathways involved to help provide a better insight into its potential as a therapeutic target.

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          Safety and activity of microRNA-loaded minicells in patients with recurrent malignant pleural mesothelioma: a first-in-man, phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation study.

          Leonard Kritharides, Lloyd Ridley, Scott Pattison … (2017)
          TargomiRs are minicells (EnGeneIC Dream Vectors) loaded with miR-16-based mimic microRNA (miRNA) and targeted to EGFR that are designed to counteract the loss of the miR-15 and miR-16 family miRNAs, which is associated with unsuppressed tumour growth in preclinical models of malignant pleural mesothelioma. We aimed to assess the safety, optimal dosing, and activity of TargomiRs in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.
          Article 0 comments Cited 284 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Hox genes and regional patterning of the vertebrate body plan.

            Moisés Mallo, Deneen M. Wellik, Jacqueline Deschamps (2010)
            Several decades have passed since the discovery of Hox genes in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Their unique ability to regulate morphologies along the anteroposterior (AP) axis (Lewis, 1978) earned them well-deserved attention as important regulators of embryonic development. Phenotypes due to loss- and gain-of-function mutations in mouse Hox genes have revealed that the spatio-temporally controlled expression of these genes is critical for the correct morphogenesis of embryonic axial structures. Here, we review recent novel insight into the modalities of Hox protein function in imparting specific identity to anatomical regions of the vertebral column, and in controlling the emergence of these tissues concomitantly with providing them with axial identity. The control of these functions must have been intimately linked to the shaping of the body plan during evolution. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Nuclear functions of mammalian MicroRNAs in gene regulation, immunity and cancer

              Hongyu Liu, Cheng Lei, Qin He … (2018)
              MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs that contain approximately 22 nucleotides. They serve as key regulators in various biological processes and their dysregulation is implicated in many diseases including cancer and autoimmune disorders. It has been well established that the maturation of miRNAs occurs in the cytoplasm and miRNAs exert post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) via RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) pathway in the cytoplasm. However, numerous studies reaffirm the existence of mature miRNA in the nucleus, and nucleus-cytoplasm transport mechanism has also been illustrated. Moreover, active regulatory functions of nuclear miRNAs were found including PTGS, transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), and transcriptional gene activation (TGA), in which miRNAs bind nascent RNA transcripts, gene promoter regions or enhancer regions and exert further effects via epigenetic pathways. Based on existing interaction rules, some miRNA binding sites prediction software tools are developed, which are evaluated in this article. In addition, we attempt to explore and review the nuclear functions of miRNA in immunity, tumorigenesis and invasiveness of tumor. As a non-canonical aspect of miRNA action, nuclear miRNAs supplement miRNA regulatory networks and could be applied in miRNA based therapies.
              Article 0 comments Cited 147 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cancers (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cancers (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): cancers
                Title: Cancers
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2072-6694
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 February 2020
                Publication date Collection: February 2020
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 2
                Electronic Location Identifier: 431
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
                [2 ]Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; h.pandha@ 123456surrey.ac.uk
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: r.morgan3@ 123456bradford.ac.uk ; Tel.: +44-1274-233225; Fax: +44-1274-233234
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8721-4479
                Article
                Publisher ID: cancers-12-00431
                DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020431
                PMC ID: 7072649
                PubMed ID: 32069812
                SO-VID: dc28faa5-80cd-4c31-a58f-f52e18f5af3b
                Copyright © © 2020 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 16 December 2019
                Date accepted : 06 February 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: pbx3,pbx,hox,microrna,acute myeloid leukemia,gastric cancer,colorectal cancer,liver cancer
                Data availability:
                Keywords: pbx3, pbx, hox, microrna, acute myeloid leukemia, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer

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