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      Estudio de la efectividad de tres aceites esenciales para el control de áfidos en pimiento, Capsicum annuum L. Translated title: Study of the effectiveness of three essential oils to control aphids on pepper plants Capsicum annuum L.

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          Abstract

          El pulgón es una plaga muy común en cultivos hortícolas siendo relevantes tres especies: Aphis gossypii (Glover), Myzuspersicae (Sulzer) y Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Hemíptera: Aphididae). Los pulgones producen importantes pérdidas económicas, debidas a su periódica aparición y al daño que ocasionan, tanto por la extracción de savia, como por la transmisión de enfermedades virósicas, principalmente en cultivos hortícolas. Algunos aceites esenciales extraídos de ciertas plantas tienen propiedades insecticidas y acaricidas de amplio espectro sobre artrópodos de cuerpo blando, esto hace posible utilizarlos como fuente alternativa para el manejo integrado de plagas. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la efectividad repelente de tres distintos aceites esenciales Eucaliptus globulus Labill., Rosmarinus officinalis (Linn.), Allium sativum L. sobre los pulgones A. gossypii, M. persi-cae y M. euphorbiae, en cultivo de pimiento (Capsicum annum híbrido Paloma) en invernadero biosolarizado y no biosolarizado. Para ello se dispusieron en ambos 15 parcelas, cada una con 15 plantas de pimiento. Para evaluar los tratamientos se efectuaron 20 monitoreos totales, cada uno semanalmente, registrándose en cada parcela, sobre tres plantas seleccionadas previamente a la aplicación de aceites esenciales, el número promedio de pulgones totales (adultos ápteros + alados + ninfas) y de pulgones parasitados (momias) en el envés de cuatro hojas del estrato medio de la planta. Los datos analizados con un ANAVA para un DCA con tres repeticiones. Los resultados mostraron que tratamientos con aceite esencial de ajo (A. sativum) + aceite vegetal de soja y aceite esencial de Eucalipto (E. globulus) + aceite vegetal de soja modificaron el comportamiento de los áfidos, registrándose un menor número de individuos.

          Translated abstract

          Aphid is a very common pest in horticultural crops and the three most important pests are: Aphis gossypii (Glover), Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Hemíptera: Aphididae). Aphid causes severe economic losses due to its periodic occurrence and damage caused by both sucking sap from plants and spreading plants diseases through the transmission of viruses, mainly, in horticultural crops. Some essential oils extracted from certain plants have broad-spectrum insecticidal and acaricidal properties on soft-bodied insects; therefore, they may be used as an alternative source for an integrated pest management. The main purpose of this work was to evaluate the repellent effectiveness of various essential oils "treatments", such as Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Rosmarinus officinalis (Linn.), Allium sativum L. on aphids A. gossypii, M. persicae and M. euphorbiae in pepper crops (Hybrid Pepper "Paloma" Capsicum annuum), in greenhouses with or without biosolarization. To achieve this goal, 15 parcels with 15 peppers plants each were arranged in each of these greenhouses. The trial consisted of weekly individual monitoring (20 times in total) and the average number of total aphids (wingless adults + winged aphids + nymphs) and parasitized aphids (mummies) on the underside of 4 medium leaves on 3 plants selected prior to the application of essential oils in each parcel was reported. Each treatment was replicated three (3) times and the data was analyzed using an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for a Completely Randomized Design. The trials proved that treatments with garlic essential oils (A. sativum) + soybean oil and Eucalyptus essential oil (E. globulus) + soybean oil modify aphids' behavior resulting in a lower number of these insects.

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          Most cited references23

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          Eucalyptus essential oil as a natural pesticide

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            Larvicidal activity of Myrtaceae essential oils and their components against Aedes aegypti, acute toxicity on Daphnia magna, and aqueous residue.

            The larvicidal activity of 11 Myrtaceae essential oils and their constituents was evaluated against Aedes aegypti L. Of the 11, Melaleuca linariifolia Sm., Melaleuca dissitiflora F. Muell., Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake, and Eucalyptus globulus Labill oils at 0.1 mg/ml exhibited > or = 80% larval mortality. At this same concentration, the individual constituents tested, allyl isothiocyanate, alpha-terpinene, p-cymene, (+)-limonene, (-)-limonene, gamma-terpinene, and (E)-nerolidol, resulted in > or = 95% mortality. We also tested the acute toxicity of these four active oils earlier mentioned and their constituents against Daphnia magna Straus. M. linariifolia and allyl isothiocyanate was the most toxic to D. magna. Twodays after treatment, residues of M. dissitiflora, M. linariifolia, M. quinquenervia, and E. globulus oils in water were 55.4, 46.6, 32.4, and 14.8%, respectively. Less than 10% of allyl isothiocyanate, alpha-terpinene, p-cymene, (-)-limonene, (+)-limonene, and gamma-terpinene was detected in the water at 2 d after treatment. Our results indicated that oils and their constituents could easily volatilize in water within a few days after application, thus minimizing their effect on the aqueous ecosystem. Therefore, Myrtaceae essential oils and their constituents could be developed as control agents against mosquito larvae.
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              Comparative growth inhibitory and antifeedant effects of plant extracts and pure allelochemicals on four phytophagous insect species

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                idesia
                Idesia (Arica)
                Idesia
                Universidad de Tarapacá. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas (Arica, , Chile )
                0718-3429
                October 2013
                : 31
                : 3
                : 49-58
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba Argentina jcastresana@ 123456correo.inta.gov.ar
                [01] Concordia Entre Ríos orgname(Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria orgdiv1Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia Argentina
                Article
                S0718-34292013000300007 S0718-3429(13)03100300007
                10.4067/S0718-34292013000300007
                dc579895-ca53-44f1-84e3-cd5746e2f825

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 March 2013
                : 08 July 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                INVESTIGACIONES

                aphids,pimiento,ajo,romero,eucaliptus,aceites esenciales,áfidos,pepper,garlic,rosemary,eucalyptus,essential oils

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