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      Tribological investigations of the load, temperature, and time dependence of wear in sliding contact

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          Abstract

          An effort was made to study and characterize the evolution of transient tribological wear in the presence of sliding contact. Sliding contact is often characterized experimentally via the standard ASTM D4172 four-ball test, and these tests were conducted for varying times ranging from 10 seconds to 1 hour, as well as at varying temperatures and loads. A numerical model was developed to simulate the evolution of wear in the elastohydrodynamic regime. This model uses the results of a Monte Carlo study to develop novel empirical equations for wear rate as a function of asperity height and lubricant thickness; these equations closely represented the experimental data and successfully modeled the sliding contact.

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          Most cited references51

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          Contact and Rubbing of Flat Surfaces

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            Is Open Access

            Contact mechanics for randomly rough surfaces

            When two solids are squeezed together they will in general not make atomic contact everywhere within the nominal (or apparent) contact area. This fact has huge practical implications and must be considered in many technological applications. In this paper I briefly review basic theories of contact mechanics. I consider in detail a recently developed contact mechanics theory. I derive boundary conditions for the stress probability distribution function for elastic, elastoplastic and adhesive contact between solids and present numerical results illustrating some aspects of the theory. I analyze contact problems for very smooth polymer (PMMA) and Pyrex glass surfaces prepared by cooling liquids of glassy materials from above the glass transition temperature. I show that the surface roughness which results from the frozen capillary waves can have a large influence on the contact between the solids. The analysis suggest a new explanation for puzzling experimental results [L. Bureau, T. Baumberger and C. Caroli, arXiv:cond-mat/0510232] about the dependence of the frictional shear stress on the load for contact between a glassy polymer lens and flat substrates. I discuss the possibility of testing the theory using numerical methods, e.g., finite element calculations.
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              Comparison of models for the contact of rough surfaces

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                2017
                20 April 2017
                : 12
                : 4
                : e0175198
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120 St, New York, NY 10027 United States of America
                [2 ]Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, Joint-Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, Lakehurst NJ 08733 United States of America
                [3 ]Blue Origin, Kent WA United States of America
                [4 ]Foxconn, Tucheng District, New Taipei, Republic of China (Taiwan)
                [5 ]Sentient Science Corporation, 672 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo NY 14209 United States of America
                Beihang University, CHINA
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors declare the following interests: Author MDM is employed by NAVAIR. Author JPK is employed by Blue Origin. Author YSW is employed by Foxconn. Author EJT is employed by Sentient Science Corporation. Authors JPK, YSW, and EJT were formerly employed by Columbia University. There are no patents, products in development, or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

                • Formal analysis: MDM EJT.

                • Funding acquisition: MDM EJT.

                • Investigation: MDM YSW.

                • Methodology: MDM EJT YSW.

                • Project administration: EJT.

                • Resources: EJT.

                • Software: MDM EJT.

                • Supervision: EJT.

                • Validation: MDM EJT.

                • Visualization: MDM.

                • Writing – original draft: MDM.

                • Writing – review & editing: MDM JPK YSW EJT.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6775-7636
                Article
                PONE-D-16-45926
                10.1371/journal.pone.0175198
                5398515
                28426674
                dc6d52d0-4318-4fa6-9337-33ed75755c3e

                This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.

                History
                : 18 November 2016
                : 22 March 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 12, Tables: 0, Pages: 20
                Funding
                Sources of funding for this effort to pay the tuition and salary of MDM include both the Navy Air Systems Command (NAVAIR)-4.0T Chief Technology Officer Organization as an Independent Laboratory In-House Research (ILIR) Basic Research Project (Smooth Particle Applied Mechanics); and the Science Mathematics And Research for Transformation (SMART) fellowship. The Department of Mechanical Engineering at Columbia University in the City of NY provided the laboratory space and salaries for JPK, YSW, and EJT. Blue Origin, Foxconn, and Sentient Science Corporation had no involvement in or contribution to this project. Blue Origin, Foxconn, and Sentient Science Corporation provided salaries to JPK, YSW, and EJT, respectively. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section. The funders did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Lipids
                Oils
                Physical Sciences
                Chemistry
                Chemical Properties
                Viscosity
                Physical Sciences
                Chemistry
                Physical Chemistry
                Chemical Properties
                Viscosity
                Physical Sciences
                Materials Science
                Materials Physics
                Viscosity
                Physical Sciences
                Physics
                Materials Physics
                Viscosity
                Physical Sciences
                Materials Science
                Tribology
                Friction
                Engineering and Technology
                Mechanical Engineering
                Tribology
                Friction
                Research and analysis methods
                Mathematical and statistical techniques
                Statistical methods
                Monte Carlo method
                Physical sciences
                Mathematics
                Statistics (mathematics)
                Statistical methods
                Monte Carlo method
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Simulation and Modeling
                Physical Sciences
                Materials Science
                Tribology
                Engineering and Technology
                Mechanical Engineering
                Tribology
                Physical Sciences
                Physics
                Classical Mechanics
                Deformation
                Physical Sciences
                Physics
                Classical Mechanics
                Damage Mechanics
                Deformation
                Physical Sciences
                Materials Science
                Material Properties
                Thermal Conductivity
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.

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                Uncategorized

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