Effect of fear of hypoglycaemia on sleep quality of patients with type 2 mellitus diabetes: The mediating role of alexithymia

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Background

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) commonly experience poor sleep quality. This study aimed to investigate whether alexithymia mediates the association between fear of hypoglycaemia (FoH) and sleep quality in patients with T2DM.

Methods

From September 2021 to November 2021, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on 407 patients with T2DM in China. Data collection was made possible through the administration of the Chinese Version of the Worry Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale and Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI). Multiple linear regression analyses were also performed.

Results

A total of 65.6% of the participants were male, and 75.7% were aged 18–40 years. FoH showed a moderate and positive correlation with CPSQI scores (r = 0.308, p < 0.001). Alexithymia was weakly and positively correlated with CPSQI scores (r = 0.185, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, FoH exhibited a moderate and positive correlation with alexithymia (r = 0.422, p < 0.001), and difficulty in identifying (r = 0.414, p < 0.001) and describing feelings (r = 0.416, p < 0.001) and a weak and positive correlation with externally oriented thinking (r = 0.221, p < 0.001). The total effect (β = 0.408, p < 0.001) of FoH on CPSQI comprised not only the direct (β = 0.293, 95% confidence interval: 0.174–0.411, p < 0.001) but also the indirect effect (β = 0.115, p < 0.001) of alexithymia.

Conclusions

Alexithymia can mediate the association between FoH and sleep quality. Clinicians should recognize the potential effect of alexithymia and incorporate it in intervention planning and care. Addressing the affective disturbances arising from FoH can enhance emotional expression and sleep quality among T2DM patients.

Highlights

•

Poor sleep quality is common among T2DM patients.
•

2. The first study to quantify alexithymia's between FoH and sleep quality.
•

Alexithymia partially mediated the 28.19% of the effect of FoH on sleep quality.
•

Management of FoH maybe helpful to improve T2DM patients' sleep quality.

Related collections

Most cited references 52

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.

R M Baron, D A Kenny (1986)

In this article, we attempt to distinguish between the properties of moderator and mediator variables at a number of levels. First, we seek to make theorists and researchers aware of the importance of not using the terms moderator and mediator interchangeably by carefully elaborating, both conceptually and strategically, the many ways in which moderators and mediators differ. We then go beyond this largely pedagogical function and delineate the conceptual and strategic implications of making use of such distinctions with regard to a wide range of phenomena, including control and stress, attitudes, and personality traits. We also provide a specific compendium of analytic procedures appropriate for making the most effective use of the moderator and mediator distinction, both separately and in terms of a broader causal system that includes both moderators and mediators.

0 comments Cited 370 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI) in primary insomnia and control subjects.

Pei-Shan Tsai, Shu-Yi Wang, Mei-Yeh Wang … (2005)

In order to effectively study the population experiencing insomnia, it is important to identify reliable and valid tools to measure sleep that can be administered in the home setting. The purpose of this study was to assess psychometric properties for the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI) in community-dwelling adults with primary insomnia. The CPSQI had an overall reliability coefficient of 0.82 -0.83 for all subjects. "Subjective sleep quality" was the component most highly correlated with the global score. Overall, the CPSQI showed acceptable test-retest reliability over a 14- to 21-day interval with a coefficient of 0.85 for all subjects and 0.77 for primary insomniacs. The two contrasting groups had significantly different global and component scores. A CPSQI of greater than 5 yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 98 and 55% in primary insomniacs vs. controls. A CPSQI of greater than 6 resulted in a sensitivity and specificity of 90 and 67%. Results suggest that the CPSQI is a psychometrically sound measure of sleep quality and disturbance for patients with primary insomnia. It may not be an effective screening tool because of its low specificity, but it can be a sensitive, reliable, and valid outcome assessment tool for use in community-based studies of primary insomnia.

0 comments Cited 261 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: found

Is Open Access

Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Sharifullah Alemi (2023)

Summary Background Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined; these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims; type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the risk-attributable type 2 diabetes burden for 16 risk factors falling under risk categories including environmental and occupational factors, tobacco use, high alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), dietary factors, and low physical activity. Using a regression framework, we forecast type 1 and type 2 diabetes prevalence through 2050 with Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and high BMI as predictors, respectively. Findings In 2021, there were 529 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 500–564) people living with diabetes worldwide, and the global age-standardised total diabetes prevalence was 6·1% (5·8–6·5). At the super-region level, the highest age-standardised rates were observed in north Africa and the Middle East (9·3% [8·7–9·9]) and, at the regional level, in Oceania (12·3% [11·5–13·0]). Nationally, Qatar had the world's highest age-specific prevalence of diabetes, at 76·1% (73·1–79·5) in individuals aged 75–79 years. Total diabetes prevalence—especially among older adults—primarily reflects type 2 diabetes, which in 2021 accounted for 96·0% (95·1–96·8) of diabetes cases and 95·4% (94·9–95·9) of diabetes DALYs worldwide. In 2021, 52·2% (25·5–71·8) of global type 2 diabetes DALYs were attributable to high BMI. The contribution of high BMI to type 2 diabetes DALYs rose by 24·3% (18·5–30·4) worldwide between 1990 and 2021. By 2050, more than 1·31 billion (1·22–1·39) people are projected to have diabetes, with expected age-standardised total diabetes prevalence rates greater than 10% in two super-regions: 16·8% (16·1–17·6) in north Africa and the Middle East and 11·3% (10·8–11·9) in Latin America and Caribbean. By 2050, 89 (43·6%) of 204 countries and territories will have an age-standardised rate greater than 10%. Interpretation Diabetes remains a substantial public health issue. Type 2 diabetes, which makes up the bulk of diabetes cases, is largely preventable and, in some cases, potentially reversible if identified and managed early in the disease course. However, all evidence indicates that diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, primarily due to a rise in obesity caused by multiple factors. Preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes remains an ongoing challenge. It is essential to better understand disparities in risk factor profiles and diabetes burden across populations, to inform strategies to successfully control diabetes risk factors within the context of multiple and complex drivers. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

0 comments Cited 176 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Liuhong Tian

Ke Liu

Li Li

Wenwen Wu

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Heliyon

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Heliyon

Title: Heliyon

Publisher: Elsevier

ISSN (Electronic): 2405-8440

Publication date PMC-release: 09 February 2024

Publication date Collection: 29 February 2024

Publication date (Electronic): 09 February 2024

Volume: 10

Issue: 4

Electronic Location Identifier: e26137

Affiliations

[a ]School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China

[b ]School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, China

[c ]Institute for Evidence-Based Nursing, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China

[d ]Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension) , Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China

[e ]Center of Health Administration and Deve1opment Studies, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China

[f ]School of Public Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China

Author notes

[∗ ]Corresponding author. Institute for Evidence-Based Nursing, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No.39, Chaoyang Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China. lilirenyi@ 123456sohu.com

[∗∗ ]Corresponding author. Center for Environment and Health in Water Source Area of South-to-North Water Diversion, School of Public Health, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30, Renmin South Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China. wuwenwen108@ 123456126.com

[1]

These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.

Article

Publisher Item ID: S2405-8440(24)02168-6 Publisher ID: e26137

DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26137

PMC ID: 10875557

PubMed ID: 38375274

SO-VID: dc84a018-38c1-4d2e-880f-29c4ac8025af

License:

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

History

Date received : 5 July 2023

Date revision received : 3 February 2024

Date accepted : 8 February 2024

Effect of fear of hypoglycaemia on sleep quality of patients with type 2 mellitus diabetes: The mediating role of alexithymia

Read this article at

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Highlights

Related collections

Wikipedia Quality

Most cited references 52

The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.

Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI) in primary insomnia and control subjects.

Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Article

History

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 856

Most referenced authors 1,415