El sexo y la norma: frente estatal, patriarcado, desposesión, colonidad

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Abstract

Paso aquí revista a los diversos efectos de la expansión e intrusión contemporáneas del frente estatal-empresarial - mediático - cristiano, siempre colonial y también para-estatal, en las comunidades indígenas del Brasil - que llamo aquí mundo-aldea - y sus consecuencias para la vida de sus mujeres. Después de este panorama, me detengo en algunos casos y ejemplos que hacen posible percibir los cambios en la mirada sobre la sexualidad y del significado y el valor dados al acceso sexual en las sociedades pre-intervención colonial y en las sociedades intervenidas por el proceso de colonización - en los países hispánicos, la sociedad criolla. La transformación del campo sexual a partir de lo que describo como la introducción de la mirada pornográfica emerge así como fulcro, eje de rotación para la mutación de un mundo en otro. Cuerpo objeto, alienado, y colonia surgen como coetáneos y afines en el nuevo orden en constante expansión. Desposesión, en este proceso, es, por lo tanto, desposesión progresiva del cuerpo y de la sexualidad.

Translated abstract

In this article I examine the various effects of the expansion and intrusion of contemporaneous state - enterprise - media - Christianity front, ever colonial and also parastatal, into Brazilian indigenous communities - called village-world for the sake of the argument here -, and their consequences for the lives of women. After this overview, focus is placed on some cases and examples that reveal a shift in the understanding of sexuality and the meaning and value attributed to sexual access to bodies, as well as on a crucial change in the meaning of "norms" in pre-colonial intervention societies and in societies intervened by the colonization process - in Hispanic countries, the "criollo" society. Transformation of the sexual field by the introduction of the pornographic gaze emerge then as the pivot or rotation axis of the mutation of one world into the other. The alienated body-object, and colony emerge as coetaneous and akin in the new order in constant expansion. Dispossession, in this process, is, therefore, progressive dispossession of one's body and sexuality.

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The Invention of Women : Making an African Sense of Western Gender Discourses

Oyèrónkẹ́ Oyěwùmí (1997)

The OC woman question, OCO this book asserts, is a Western one, and not a proper lens for viewing African society. A work that rethinks gender as a Western construction, The Invention of Women offers a new way of understanding both Yoruban and Western cultures. Author Oyeronke Oyewumi reveals an ideology of biological determinism at the heart of Western social categories-the idea that biology provides the rationale for organizing the social world. And yet, she writes, the concept of OC woman, OCO central to this ideology and to Western gender discourses, simply did not exist in Yorubaland, where the body was not the basis of social roles. Oyewumi traces the misapplication of Western, body-oriented concepts of gender through the history of gender discourses in Yoruba studies. Her analysis shows the paradoxical nature of two fundamental assumptions of feminist theory: that gender is socially constructed and that the subordination of women is universal. The Invention of Women demonstrates, to the contrary, that gender was not constructed in old Yoruba society, and that social organization was determined by relative age. A meticulous historical and epistemological account of an African culture on its own terms, this book makes a persuasive argument for a cultural, context-dependent interpretation of social reality. It calls for a reconception of gender discourse and the categories on which such study relies. More than that, the book lays bare the hidden assumptions in the ways these different cultures think. A truly comparative sociology of an African culture and the Western tradition, it will change the way African studies and gender studies proceed. "