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      Dictionaries Integrated into English Learning Apps: Critical Comments and Suggestions for Improvement Translated title: Woordeboeke geïntegreer in Engelse aanleerderstoepassings: Kritiese kommentaar en voorstelle ter verbetering

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          Abstract

          Digital applications to assist language learning are becoming increasingly popular. They typically incorporate one or two dictionaries to improve the service so that users avoid leaving the app to consult external resources. This paper deals with the two dictionaries used in a learning app for Chinese learners of English. Initially, it describes the functioning of the app as well as the two dictionaries that have different roles in the app. It then focuses on the one that is integrated into the course texts and can be activated by clicking on a word or a multiword unit. A number of deficiencies are discussed such as inconsistent treatment of words and senses, data overload, difficult access, and inconvenient location of the pop-up window that displays the lexicographical items. These deficiencies may impact negatively on the learners' motivation and the learning process in general. The paper traces the problems to the database that sustains the dictionary as well as the design of the user interfaces that filter the data offered to the users. Finally, and inspired by the classical Chinese Xun Gu tradition, it suggests an alternative, context-adapted approach that breaks with traditional features of the dictionary article and reduces the content of the pop-up window to an absolute minimum. The idea is to avoid a consultation process that interrupts the learners' reading flow and focus on learning.

          Translated abstract

          Digitale toepassings wat as hulpmiddels in die aanleer van taal gebruik word, word toenemend gewild. Kenmerkend van hierdie digitale toepassings is die inkorporering van een of twee woordeboeke om die diens wat gelewer word, te verbeter sodat gebruikers nie die toepassing hoef te verlaat om eksterne bronne te raadpleeg nie. In hierdie artikel word aandag geskenk aan die twee woordeboeke wat in 'n aanleerders-toepassing vir Chinese leerders van Engels gebruik word. Eers word 'n beskrywing gegee van die funksionering van sowel die toepassing as van die twee woordeboeke wat verskillende funksies in die toepassing vervul. Daarna word gefokus op die woordeboek wat in die kursushandleidings geïntegreer is en wat geaktiveer kan word deur op 'n woord of meerwoordige eenheid te klik. 'n Aantal leemtes soos die inkonsekwente hantering van woorde en begrippe, data-oorlading, moei-like toegang, en hinderlike posisie van die opwipvenster wat die leksikografiese items vertoon, word bespreek. Hierdie gebreke mag 'n negatiewe effek op die motivering van die aanleerders en die aanleerproses in die algemeen hê. Die probleme word teruggevoer na sowel die databasis wat die woordeboek steun as na die ontwerp van die gebruikerskoppelvlakke wat die data wat aan die gebruikers aangebied word, sif. Laastens, en geïnspireer deur die klassieke Chinese Xun Gu-tradi-sie, word 'n alternatiewe, konsep-aangepaste benadering wat afwyk van die tradisionele kenmerke van die woordeboekartikel en wat die inhoud van die opwipvenster tot 'n absolute minimum beperk, voorgestel. Sodoende word 'n konsultasieproses wat die aanleerders se leesvloei onderbreek, vermy en word daar gefokus op die aanleerproses.

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          Inside the search process: Information seeking from the user's perspective

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            Mobile-assisted language learning: A Duolingo case study

            The growing availability of mobile technologies has contributed to an increase in mobile-assisted language learning in which learners can autonomously study a second language (L2) anytime or anywhere (e.g. Kukulska-Hulme, Lee & Norris, 2017; Reinders & Benson, 2017). Research investigating the effectiveness of such study for L2 learning, however, has been limited, especially regarding large-scale commercial L2 learning apps, such as Duolingo. Although one commissioned research study found favorable language learning outcomes (Vesselinov & Grego, 2012), limited independent research has reported issues related to learner persistence, motivation, and program efficacy (Lord, 2015; Nielson, 2011). The current study investigates the semester-long learning experiences and results of nine participants learning Turkish on Duolingo. The participants showed improvement on L2 measures at the end of the study, and results indicate a positive, moderate correlation between the amount of time spent on Duolingo and learning gains. In terms of perceptions of their experiences, the participants generally viewed Duolingo’s flexibility and gamification aspects positively; however, variability in motivation to study and frustration with instructional materials were also expressed.
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              Autonomous language learning through a mobile application: a user evaluation of the busuu app

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                lexikos
                Lexikos
                Lexikos
                Bureau of the WAT (Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa )
                1684-4904
                2224-0039
                2021
                : 31
                : 1-25
                Affiliations
                [05] orgnameAarhus University orgdiv1Centre for Lexicography orgdiv2Centre of Excellence in Language Technology Denmark st@ 123456cc.au.dk
                [03] orgnameStellenbosch Universit orgdiv1Department of Afrikaans and Dutch
                [04] orgnameValladolid University orgdiv1International Centre for Lexicography Spain
                [02] orgnameGuangdong University of Foreign Studies orgdiv1Centre for Lexicographical Studies China
                [01] orgnameGuangdong University of Foreign Studies orgdiv1Centre for Lexicographical Studies China
                Article
                S2224-00392021000100004 S2224-0039(21)03100000004
                10.5788/31-1-1626
                dd74ee8c-af02-4415-b894-58a29f4223b6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 25
                Product

                SciELO South Africa

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Articles

                User Interfaces,Incidental And Intentional Learning,Personalization,Xun Gu Tradition,Context-awareness,Pop-up Windows,Lexicographical Databases,Embedded Dictionaries,Dictionaries,Integrated,English Learning Apps,Media Convergence Age,Toevallige En Doelbewuste Leer,Verpersoonliking,Xun Gu-tradisie,Konteksbewust-heid,Opwipvensters,Gebruikerskoppelvlakke,Leksikogra- Fiese Databasisse,Ingebedde Woordeboeke,Geïntegreerde Woordeboeke,Engelse Aanleerderstoepas- Sings,Era Van Mediakonvergensie

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