Physiological and biochemical responses of soybean plants inoculated with Arbuscular
      mycorrhizal fungi and 
      <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> under drought stress

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Abstract

Background

The present study aims to study the effects of biofertilizers potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum ( B. japonicum) strains on yield and growth of drought stressed soybean (Giza 111) plants at early pod stage (50 days from sowing, R3) and seed development stage (90 days from sowing, R5).

Results

Highest plant biomass, leaf chlorophyll content, nodulation, and grain yield were observed in the unstressed plants as compared with water stressed-plants at R3 and R5 stages. At soil rhizosphere level, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved bacterial counts and the activities of the enzymes (dehydrogenase and phosphatase) under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Irrespective of the drought effects, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved the growth and yield of soybean under both drought (restrained irrigation) and adequately-watered conditions as compared with untreated plants. The current study revealed that AMF and B. japonicum improved catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in the seeds, and a reverse trend was observed in case of malonaldehyde (MDA) and proline under drought stress. The relative expression of the CAT and POD genes was up-regulated by the application of biofertilizers treatments under drought stress condition. Interestingly a reverse trend was observed in the case of the relative expression of the genes involved in the proline metabolism such as P5CS, P5CR, PDH, and P5CDH under the same conditions. The present study suggests that biofertilizers diminished the inhibitory effect of drought stress on cell development and resulted in a shorter time for DNA accumulation and the cycle of cell division. There were notable changes in the activities of enzymes involved in the secondary metabolism and expression levels of GmSPS1, GmSuSy, and GmC-INV in the plants treated with biofertilizers and exposed to the drought stress at both R3 and R5 stages. These changes in the activities of secondary metabolism and their transcriptional levels caused by biofertilizers may contribute to increasing soybean tolerance to drought stress.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that application of biofertilizers to soybean plants is a promising approach to alleviate drought stress effects on growth performance of soybean plants. The integrated application of biofertilizers may help to obtain improved resilience of the agro ecosystems to adverse impacts of climate change and help to improve soil fertility and plant growth under drought stress.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-021-02949-z.

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Most cited references 77

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Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance.

Ron Mittler (2002)

Traditionally, reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) were considered to be toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, which were disposed of using antioxidants. However, in recent years, it has become apparent that plants actively produce ROIs as signaling molecules to control processes such as programmed cell death, abiotic stress responses, pathogen defense and systemic signaling. Recent advances including microarray studies and the development of mutants with altered ROI-scavenging mechanisms provide new insights into how the steady-state level of ROIs are controlled in cells. In addition, key steps of the signal transduction pathway that senses ROIs in plants have been identified. These raise several intriguing questions about the relationships between ROI signaling, ROI stress and the production and scavenging of ROIs in the different cellular compartments.

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Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection

J.M. Phillips, D.S. Hayman (1970)

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Proline: a multifunctional amino acid.

László Szabados, Arnould Savouré (2010)

Proline accumulates in many plant species in response to environmental stress. Although much is now known about proline metabolism, some aspects of its biological functions are still unclear. Here, we discuss the compartmentalization of proline biosynthesis, accumulation and degradation in the cytosol, chloroplast and mitochondria. We also describe the role of proline in cellular homeostasis, including redox balance and energy status. Proline can act as a signaling molecule to modulate mitochondrial functions, influence cell proliferation or cell death and trigger specific gene expression, which can be essential for plant recovery from stress. Although the regulation and function of proline accumulation are not yet completely understood, the engineering of proline metabolism could lead to new opportunities to improve plant tolerance of environmental stresses. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Mohamed S. Sheteiwy: salahco_2010@mans.edu.eg

You-Cai Xiong: xiongyc@lzu.edu.cn

Ahmed M. El-Sawah: ahmedelsawah89@mans.edu.eg

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Plant Biol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Plant Biol

Title: BMC Plant Biology

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2229

Publication date (Electronic): 22 April 2021

Publication date PMC-release: 22 April 2021

Publication date Collection: 2021

Volume: 21

Electronic Location Identifier: 195

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.10251.37, ISNI 0000000103426662, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, , Mansoura University, ; Mansoura, 35516 Egypt

[2 ]GRID grid.454840.9, ISNI 0000 0001 0017 5204, Salt-Soil Agricultural Center, Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), ; Nanjing, 210014 China

[3 ]GRID grid.10251.37, ISNI 0000000103426662, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, , Mansoura University, ; Mansoura, 35516 Egypt

[4 ]GRID grid.32566.34, ISNI 0000 0000 8571 0482, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, ; Lanzhou, 730000 China

[5 ]GRID grid.15866.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 2238 631X, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, ; Kamycka 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic

[6 ]GRID grid.15227.33, ISNI 0000 0001 2296 2655, Department of Plant Physiology, , Slovak University of Agriculture, ; 94911 Nitra, Slovakia

[7 ]GRID grid.257065.3, ISNI 0000 0004 1760 3465, College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, , Hohai University, ; Nanjing, China

[8 ]GRID grid.13402.34, ISNI 0000 0004 1759 700X, Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, , Zhejiang University, ; Hangzhou, 310058 China

[9 ]GRID grid.410625.4, ISNI 0000 0001 2293 4910, College of Chemical Engineering, , Nanjing Forestry University, ; Nanjing, 210037 China

[10 ]Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Beni-Suef, Beni-Suef, 62511 Egypt

[11 ]GRID grid.412846.d, ISNI 0000 0001 0726 9430, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, , Sultan Qaboos University, ; 123 Al-Khoud, Oman

[12 ]GRID grid.443483.c, ISNI 0000 0000 9152 7385, State Key Laboratory of Silviculture, , Zhejiang A&F University, ; Hangzhou, China

Article

Publisher ID: 2949

DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02949-z

PMC ID: 8061216

PubMed ID: 33888066

SO-VID: ddd2e9d7-5f65-4ed4-bc03-df8965c938ab

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 6 January 2021

Date accepted : 22 March 2021

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Plant science & Botany

Keywords: amf,secondary metabolism,proline metabolism,soil enzymes,soybean yield,flow cytometry

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Plant science & Botany

Keywords: amf, secondary metabolism, proline metabolism, soil enzymes, soybean yield, flow cytometry

Physiological and biochemical responses of soybean plants inoculated with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium under drought stress

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Abstract

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Results

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Supplementary Information

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Climate Change: Open Access

Most cited references 77

Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance.

Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection

Proline: a multifunctional amino acid.

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