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      Prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e fatores associados em homens e mulheres residentes em municípios da Amazônia Legal Translated title: Hypertension prevalence and associated factors in men and women living in cities of the Legal Amazon

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          Abstract

          RESUMO: Introdução: A hipertensão arterial sistêmica é um importante problema de saúde pública devido à sua alta prevalência, baixas taxas de controle e causa de morbidade e mortalidade cardiovascular. Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e fatores associados em homens e mulheres residentes em municípios da Amazônia Legal. Métodos: No estudo transversal de base populacional conduzido com 1.296 adultos de ambos os sexos foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, estilo de vida, antropométricos e pressão arterial, sendo considerados hipertensos os que apresentaram pressão arterial ≥ 140/90 mmHg e/ou os que referiram uso de drogas anti-hipertensivas. As análises estatísticas foram feitas no módulo survey do programa Stata versão 11.0. Resultados: A prevalência da hipertensão arterial sistêmica foi de 22,3%. Após ajustes, as variáveis que se associaram à hipertensão nos homens foram a idade de 30 a 39 anos (RP ajustada = 2,69; IC95% 1,49 - 4,86), 40 a 49 anos (RP ajustada = 3,28; IC95% 1,82 - 5,93) e 50 a 59 anos (RP ajustada = 4,80; IC95% 2,63 - 8,76), sobrepeso (RP ajustada = 1,97; IC95% 1,39 - 2,78), obesidade (RP ajustada = 3,32; IC95% 2,32 - 4,75) e ser natural da região Norte ou Nordeste (RP ajustada = 0,31; IC95% 0,18 - 0,59). Entre as mulheres, associaram à hipertensão a idade de 40 a 49 anos (RP ajustada = 3,41; IC95% 1,91 - 6,07) e 50 a 59 anos (RP ajustada = 7,29; IC95% 4,07 - 13,07); o consumo de vinho (RP ajustada = 0,31; IC95% 0,10 - 0,97) e obesidade (RP ajustada = 2,39; IC95% 1,65 - 3,45). Conclusão: A hipertensão arterial associou-se independentemente com a idade, estado nutricional e naturalidade nos homens. E nas mulheres com a idade, estado nutricional e tipo de bebida alcoólica.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT: Introduction: Hypertension is a major public health problem due to its high prevalence, low levels of control, and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors in men and women living in the cities of Legal Amazonia. Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was carried out with 1,296 adults in the cities of Legal Amazonia. Socio-demographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric data were collected and blood pressure was measured, being considered hypertensive those individuals who had blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg and/or those who reported the use of antihypertensive drugs. Statistical analyzes were performed using the survey module prefix in Stata version 11.0. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 22.3%. After adjusting, the variables associated with hypertension in men were in the age groups 30 - 39 years (adjusted prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.69; 95%CI 1.49 - 4.86), 40 - 49 years (adjusted PR = 3.28; 95%CI 1.82 - 5.93), and 50 - 59 years (adjusted PR = 4.80; 95%CI 2.63 - 8.76); overweight (adjusted PR = 1.97; 95%CI 1.39 - 2.78); obesity (adjusted PR = 3.32; 95%CI 2.32 - 4.75); and being born in the North or Northeast regions (adjusted PR = 0.31; 95%CI 0.18 - 0.59). Among women, the age groups 40 - 49 years (adjusted PR = 3.41; 95%CI 1.91 - 6.07) and 50 - 59 years (adjusted PR = 7.29; 95%CI 4.07 - 13.07), wine consumption (adjusted PR = 0.31; 95%CI 0.10 - 0.97), and obesity (adjusted PR = 2.39; 95%CI 1.65 - 3.45) were associated with hypertension. Conclusion: In men, hypertension was independently associated with age, nutritional status, and place of birth, whereas in women, the variables associated with hypertension were age, nutritional status, and type of alcoholic beverage.

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            Alcohol consumption and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis.

            The purpose of this study was to quantify the relation between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular and total mortality in patients with a history of cardiovascular events. Regular, moderate alcohol consumption by healthy people is associated with lower cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. No extensive meta-analysis is presently available on the possible association of alcohol consumption with secondary events in patients with cardiovascular disease. Articles were retrieved through October 2009 by search in PubMed and EMBASE. Fifty-four publications were identified, but only 8 were selected for our analyses, including 16,351 patients with a history of cardiovascular disease. Secondary events were cardiovascular or all-cause mortality. All selected studies were prospective. Data were pooled with a weighted, least-squares regression analysis of second-order fractional polynomial models. The meta-analysis on cardiovascular mortality showed a J-shaped pooled curve with a significant maximal protection (average 22%) by alcohol at approximately 26 g/day. In the meta-analysis on mortality for any cause, J-shaped pooled curves were observed in the overall analysis (average maximal protection of 18% in the range of 5 to 10 g/day) and in all subgroups according to either the type of patients or the characteristics of the studies. In patients with cardiovascular disease, light to moderate alcohol consumption (5 to 25 g/day) was significantly associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.
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              Hypertension: trends in prevalence, incidence, and control.

              Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Prior to 1990, population data suggest that hypertension prevalence was decreasing; however, recent data suggest that it is again on the rise. In 1999-2002, 28.6% of the U.S. population had hypertension. Hypertension prevalence has also been increasing in other countries, and an estimated 972 million people in the world are suffering from this problem. Incidence rates of hypertension range between 3% and 18%, depending on the age, gender, ethnicity, and body size of the population studied. Despite advances in hypertension treatment, control rates continue to be suboptimal. Only about one third of all hypertensives are controlled in the United States. Programs that improve hypertension control rates and prevent hypertension are urgently needed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbepid
                Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia
                Rev. bras. epidemiol.
                Associação Brasileira de Pós -Graduação em Saúde Coletiva
                1415-790X
                March 2016
                : 19
                : 1
                : 38-51
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Brazil
                Article
                S1415-790X2016000100038
                10.1590/1980-5497201600010004
                27167647
                ddffcf72-83a5-4de7-a344-47b43119e5b7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1415-790X&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Hipertensão,Obesidade,Consumo de bebidas alcoólicas,Fatores de Risco,Estilo de vida,Doença crônica.,Hypertension,Obesity,Alcohol drinking,Risk factors,Lifestyle,Chronic disease.

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