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      Fluorescent carbon-dots enhance light harvesting and photosynthesis by overexpressing PsbP and PsiK genes

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          Abstract

          Background

          Fluorescent carbon-dots (CDs) with multifaceted advantages have provided hope for improvement of crop growth. Near infrared (NIR) CDs would be more competitive and promising than short-wavelength emissive CDs, which are not directly utilized by chloroplast. The molecular targets and underlying mechanism of these stimulative effects are rarely mentioned.

          Results

          NIR-CDs with good mono-dispersity and hydrophily were easily prepared by a one-step microwave-assisted carbonization manner, which showed obvious UV absorptive and far-red emissive properties. The chloroplast-CDs complexes could accelerate the electron transfer from photosystem II (PS II) to photosystem I (PS I). NIR-CDs exhibited a concentration-dependent promotion effect on N. benthamiana growth by strengthening photosynthesis. We firstly demonstrated that potential mechanisms behind the photosynthesis-stimulating activity might be related to up-regulated expression of the photosynthesis and chloroplast synthesis related genes, among which PsbP and PsiK genes are the key regulators.

          Conclusion

          These results illustrated that NIR-CDs showed great potential in the applications to increase crop yields through ultraviolet light harvesting and elevated photosynthesis efficiency. This work would provide a theoretical basis for the understanding and applications of the luminescent nanomaterials (not limited to CDs) in the sunlight conversion-related sustainable agriculture.

          Graphic abstract

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01005-0.

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          Carbon quantum dots and their applications.

          Shi Lim, Wei Shen, Zhiqiang Gao (2015)
          Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles or carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a new class of carbon nanomaterials that have emerged recently and have garnered much interest as potential competitors to conventional semiconductor quantum dots. In addition to their comparable optical properties, CQDs have the desired advantages of low toxicity, environmental friendliness low cost and simple synthetic routes. Moreover, surface passivation and functionalization of CQDs allow for the control of their physicochemical properties. Since their discovery, CQDs have found many applications in the fields of chemical sensing, biosensing, bioimaging, nanomedicine, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. This article reviews the progress in the research and development of CQDs with an emphasis on their synthesis, functionalization and technical applications along with some discussion on challenges and perspectives in this exciting and promising field.
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            Highly luminescent S, N co-doped graphene quantum dots with broad visible absorption bands for visible light photocatalysts.

            Dan Qu, Min Zheng, Peng Du … (2013)
            A facile hydrothermal synthesis route to N and S, N co-doped graphene quantum dots (GQDs) was developed by using citric acid as the C source and urea or thiourea as N and S sources. Both N and S, N doped GQDs showed high quantum yield (78% and 71%), excitation independent under excitation of 340-400 nm and single exponential decay under UV excitation. A broad absorption band in the visible region appeared in S, N co-doped GQDs due to doping with sulfur, which alters the surface state of GQDs. However, S, N co-doped GQDs show different color emission under excitation of 420-520 nm due to their absorption in the visible region. The excellent photocatalytic performance of the S, N co-doped GQD/TiO2 composites was demonstrated by degradation of rhodamine B under visible light. The apparent rate of S, N:GQD/TiO2 is 3 and 10 times higher than that of N:GQD/TiO2 and P25 TiO2 under visible light irradiation, respectively.
            Article 0 comments Cited 261 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Ionothermal synthesis of crystalline, condensed, graphitic carbon nitride.

              Michael J Bojdys, Jens-Oliver Müller, Markus Antonietti … (2008)
              Herein we report the synthesis of a crystalline graphitic carbon nitride, or g-C(3)N(4), obtained from the temperature-induced condensation of dicyandiamide (NH(2)C(=NH)NHCN) by using a salt melt of lithium chloride and potassium chloride as the solvent. The proposed crystal structure of this g-C(3)N(4) species is based on sheets of hexagonally arranged s-heptazine (C(6)N(7)) units that are held together by covalent bonds between C and N atoms which are stacked in a graphitic, staggered fashion, as corroborated by powder X-ray diffractometry and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.
              Article 0 comments Cited 253 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Xin Peng: pengx@nit.zju.edu.cn
                Jianping Zheng: zhengjianping@nimte.ac.cn
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Nanobiotechnology
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Nanobiotechnology
                Title: Journal of Nanobiotechnology
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1477-3155
                Publication date (Electronic): 28 August 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 28 August 2021
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Volume: 19
                Electronic Location Identifier: 260
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.9227.e, ISNI 0000000119573309, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, , Chinese Academy of Sciences, ; Ningbo, 315300 People’s Republic of China
                [2 ]GRID grid.13402.34, ISNI 0000 0004 1759 700X, Ningbo Research Institute of Zhejiang University, ; Ningbo, 315100 People’s Republic of China
                [3 ]GRID grid.256111.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1760 2876, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, ; Fuzhou, 350028 People’s Republic of China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1005
                DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01005-0
                PMC ID: 8403421
                PubMed ID: 34454524
                SO-VID: de63745c-b32c-4496-8a22-9c619303e0ef
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2021
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 29 June 2021
                Date accepted : 18 August 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation
                Award ID: LY20B050003
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau
                Award ID: 2016C50009
                Award ID: 2018B10054
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Ningbo 3315 Innovation Teams Program
                Award ID: 2019A-14-C
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Research
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2021

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology
                Keywords: fluorescent carbon-dots,photosynthesis,n. benthamiana,psbp,psik
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology
                Keywords: fluorescent carbon-dots, photosynthesis, n. benthamiana, psbp, psik

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